BIOL4 CHAPTER 8 KEY WORDS 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyDNA, genetics and evolutionA2/A-levelAQA Created by: Haille McFarlaneCreated on: 26-11-14 01:04 Genotype the genetic make up of an organism 1 of 23 Mutation a change in the sequence of DNA 2 of 23 Phenotype characteristics of an organism, often visible as a result of genotype and effects of environment 3 of 23 Modification change to phenotype that is not inherited by future generations 4 of 23 Gene length of DNA on a chromosome usually coding for a particular polypeptide 5 of 23 Allele one of the different forms of a gene 6 of 23 Locus position of a gene on a chromosome 7 of 23 Homologous chromosomes a pair of chromosomes that have the same gene loci and therefore determine the same characteristics 8 of 23 Homozygous where the alleles on the matching pair of chromosomes are the same i.e. BB 9 of 23 Heterozygous where the alleles on the matching pair of chromosomes are different i.e. Bb 10 of 23 Dominant allele the allele of the heterozygote that is always expressed in the phenotype 11 of 23 recessive allele allele of the heterozygote that is not expressed in the phenotype 12 of 23 Homozygous dominant a homozygous organism with two dominant alleles 13 of 23 Homozygous recessive a homozygous organism with two recessive alleles 14 of 23 Multiple alleles gene that has more than 2 possible allels i,e. blood group ABO 15 of 23 Co- dominance condition in which both alleles for one gene in a heterozygous organism contributes to the phenotype 16 of 23 Gametes sex cell that fuses with another during random fertilization 17 of 23 Gene pool all the alleles of all the genes of all the individuals in a population at any one time 18 of 23 allele frequency the number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool 19 of 23 diploid (2n) terms applied to cells in which nucleus contains two sets of chromosomes ( somatic cells) 20 of 23 haploid term referring to cells that contain only a single copy of each chromosome (gametes) 21 of 23 DNA deoxyribose nucleic acid 22 of 23 clone a group of genetically identical organisms formed from a single parent as a result of asexual production of artificial means 23 of 23
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