BIOL124 - Lecture 7 - Gametes and Fertilisation

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  • Created by: Katherine
  • Created on: 11-03-16 13:45
What is in the head of the sperm cell?
The acrosome, the nucleus and the centriole
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What is in the middle piece of the sperm cell?
The Mitochondrion (where ATP is stored)
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What is the tail of the sperm cell often called?
The flagellum
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What is the first stage of Sea Urchin Fertilisation?
Contact - the sperm contacts the egg's jelly coat, triggering exocytosis from the sperm's acrosome.
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What is the second stage of Sea Urchin Fertilisation?
Hydrolytic enzymes released from the acrosome make a hole in the jelly coat. Growing actin filaments form the acrosomal process, which protrudes from the sperm head and penetrates the jelly coat. Proteins on the surface bind to receptors in plasma
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What is the third stage of Sea Urchin Fertilisation?
Contact and fusion of sperm and egg membranes - fusion triggers depolarisation of the membrane which acts as a fast block to polyspermy.
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What is polyspermy?
f
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What is fast block?
f
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What is the fourth stage of Sea Urchin Fertilisation?
Cortical reaction. Cortical granules in the egg fuse with the plasma membrane The secreted contents clip off sperm-binding receptors and cause the fertilization envelope to form. This acts as a slow block to polyspermy.
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What is the fifth stage of Sea Urchin Fertilisation?
Entry of sperm nucleus in the egg.
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What is conspecific fertilisation?
When the egg is fertilised by sperm from the same species.
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How does Fast black to polyspermy occur?
There is fusion of plasmamembranes. Channels in egg plasma membrane open. Na+ influx from sea water. Membrane depolarises. Change in plasmamembrane and no more sperm is let in.
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What is Oogenesis:
It is..
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Describe the ovarian cycle
The primary oocyte begins within the follicle. The follicle grows. The follicle matures. Ovulation occurs and the secondary oocyte is released. Corpus Luteum is formed. Corpus Luteum degrades.
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Ovulation released what?
A secondary oocyte and the first polar body.
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Both the secondary oocyte and the first polar body are surrounded by...
The corona radiate. The oocyte is arrested in metaphase of meiosis II.
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What happens when the zona pellucida ZP3 bind to B1-4 galactosyltranferase on sperm?
Acrosomal contents released. Acrosin and B-N-acetylglucosaminidase digest zona pellucida glycoproteins. Fertilin on sperm head binds integrin like protein and CD9. Membrane fusion occus. Fast block to polyspermy (depolarisation), slow block to polysp
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What happens during fertilisation?
Acrosomal enzymes from multiple sperm create gaps in the corona radiata. A single sperm then makes contact with the oocyte membrane, and membrane fusion occurs, tirggering oocyte activation and the completion of meiosis.
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What happens when the sperm is absorbed into the cytoplasm?
The female pronucleus develops
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After the female pronucleus develops, the male pronucleus develops. What happens after this?
Spindle fibres appear in preparation for the first cleavage division.
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How does the cell prepare for first mitotic divison?
Each pronucleus enters mitosis. Nuclear membrane breaks down. Chromosomes attach to common spindle.
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What happens after mitotic division begins?
The cleavage begins. Metaphase of first cleavage division.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is in the middle piece of the sperm cell?

Back

The Mitochondrion (where ATP is stored)

Card 3

Front

What is the tail of the sperm cell often called?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the first stage of Sea Urchin Fertilisation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the second stage of Sea Urchin Fertilisation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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