A group of individual organisms very similar in appearance and genetics whose members are able to freely interbreed to produce fertile offspring
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What is a habitat?
The place where an organism lives
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What is biodiversity?
The variety of life -range of living organisms to be found
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How do you carry out random sampling?
Estimate the size of the habitat and deciding where to take samples: take samples at reg intervals, use random coordinates (comp, random no. table)
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What does nubmer of samples depend on?
Size of the habitat - must get appropriate sample to size to represent accurate biodiversity
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What is species richness?
Number of species present in a habitat
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What is taxonomy?
Study of principles of classification
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What is phylogeny
Study of evoloutionary relationships between organisms
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What are the five kingdoms?
Prokaryotes, protoctists, fungi, plants, and animals
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How do you classify prokaryotes?
Include bacteria and cyanobacteria they - have no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, smaller ribosomes, carry out respiration in mesosomes, free living are smaller
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How do you classify protoctists?
Eukaryots, single celled, wide varitey of forms, various plant and animal like features, free living, some autotrophic and heterotrophic
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How do fungi classify?
eukaryotic, have a mycelium (network of hyphae), walls made of chitin, have a cytoplasm that is multinucleic, mostly free living and satrotrophic (cause decay of organic matter)
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How do you classify plants?
Eukaryotic, multicellular, cells surrounded by cellulose cell wall, produce multicellular embreyos from fertillised egg, autotrophic
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How do you classify animals?
Eukaryotic heterotrophs, multicellular, fertillised eggs, able to move
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What is a binomial system?
Uses two names to identify each species: genus name and species name
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What is the binomial name for humans?
Homo = genus Sapien = species
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What is a dichotomous key?
Series of questions with two alternative answers to help you identify a specimin
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What are the more recent classification systems?
Biochemistry - gives evidence of how closely related one species is to another
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What is cytochrome c
used in the process of respiration - in all living organisms except chemosynthetic prokaryotes, it is not identical in all species - if A.A sequence in cytochrome c is different not closely related but if similar = closely related
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How do we use DNA to classify species?
All organisms use DNA and RNA - provides the genetic code for whole organism - so a specific protein should be the same in all organisms - the more similar the sequence the more similar the organisms are
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