Biodiversity

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What is a species?
They are capable of breeding to produce living fertile offspring.
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What is the binomial system to naming species?
The first being the generic name, the genus to which the organism belongs to. And then the second name which is the specific name denotes the species to which the organism belongs to.
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What are the rules to binomial system?
In italics, first letter of generic name is upper case and the specific name is lower case, if the specific name is not known then it can be written as 'sp'
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The ability to display is genetically determined, true or false?
True
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Courtship behaviour helps to ensure mating is successful and that offspring have a good chance at survival. How does courtship behaviour enable this?(pt1)
1. Recognise members of their own species-to make sure mating occurs only between two of the same species to produce fertile offspring 2. Identify a mate that is capable of breeding- both need to be sexually mature, fertile & receptive to mating
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Courtship behaviour helps to ensure mating is successful and that offspring have a good chance at survival. How does courtship behaviour enable this?(pt2)
3. Form a pair bond- that leads to successful mating & raising of offspring 4. Synchronise mating - max probability of sperm & egg meeting
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Courtship behaviour helps to ensure mating is successful and that offspring have a good chance at survival. How does courtship behaviour enable this? (pt3)
5. Become able to breed - by bringing a member of the opposite sex into a physiological state that allows breeding
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Courtship behaviour is only used by males true or false?
True
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Why is courtship behaviour used by males?
To determine whether a female is at a receptive stage
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What is classification?
The grouping of organisms
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What are the 2 main forms of biological classification?
Artificial classification and Phylogenetic classification
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What is artificial classification?
Divides organisms according to their analogous characteristics - this is where they have the same function but do not have the same evolutionary origins e.g wing of butterfly and wing of bird
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What is phylogenetic classification?
Based on evolutionary relationship between organism & ancestor. Classifies species into groups by shared features from ancestor. Arranges the group into a hierarchy in which the groups are contained within larger composite groups with no overlap
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Relationships in a phylogenetic classification are partly based on homologous characteristics. What are homologous characteristics?
They have similar evolutionary origins regardless of their functions in the adult of a species e.g wing of bird and arm of human both have similar structures but not function
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What is a taxon?
Each group within a phylogenetic biological classification is called a taxon
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What is taxonomy?
The theory and practice of biological classification. The study of taxons and their positions in hierarchal order where they are known as taxonomic ranks
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What is the highest taxonomic rank?
Domain
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What are the 3 domains?
Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya
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Bacteria are a group of single-celled prokaryotes with what features?
1. No membrane-bounded organelles 2.Unicellular 3. 70s ribosomes 4. Cell walls are made of murein, never chitin or cellulose 5. Single loop of naked DNA made up of nucleic acids but no histones
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Archaea are a group of single-celled prokaryotes that differ from bacteria, how?
1. Their genes and protein synthesis is more similar to eukaryotes 2. Membrane contain fatty acid chains attached to glycerol by ether linkages 3. No murein in cell walls 4. have more complex form of RNA polymerase
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Eukarya are a group of organisms made up of one or more eukaryotic cells. What are their features?
1. Membrane-bounded organelles 2. Membrane contain fatty acid chains attached to glycerol be ester linkages 3. Not all possess cells with a cell wall but where they do it contains no murein 4. 80s ribosomes
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The Eukarya domain is divided into kingdoms. Name all the ranks possible for an organism to be divided into:
1.Domain 2. Kingdom 3. Phylum 4. Class 5. Order 6. Family 7. Genus 8. Species
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The hierarchal order of taxonomic ranks is based upon the supposed evolutionary line of descent of the group members. This evolutionary relationship between organisms is known as what?
Phylogeny
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What is biodiversity?
The general twem used to describe variety in the living world
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What are the 3 components of biodiversity? (HINT: Types of diversity)
1. Species diversity 2. Genetic diversity 3. Ecosystem diversity
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What is species diversity?
The number of different species and the number of individuals of each species within a community
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What is genetic diversity?
Refers to variety of genes possessed by the individuals that make up a population of a species
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What is ecosystem diversity?
The range of different habitats from a small local habitat to the whole of the eartg
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One measure of species diversity is species richness. What is this?
The number of different species in a particular area at a given time
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One way of measuring species diversity is to use an index that is calculated as follows:
d = N (N-1) / En(n-1) (d=index diversity N = total number of organisms of all species n = total number of organisms of each species E = sum of
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What does agriculture do to biodiversity?
Decrease it
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What is an ecosystem?
a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.
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Any paticular area can only support a certain amount of biomass. What is biomass?
1. the total quantity or weight of organisms in a given area or volume.
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Changes in features of a species are due to changes in its DNA. Comparing the genetic diversity within and between species helps scientists to determine the evolutionary relationships between them. What are the different these comparisons be made?
1. Comparison of observable characteristics 2. Comparison of DNA base sequences 3. Comparison of the base sequence of mRNA 4. Comparison of amino acid sequence in proteins
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What is interspecific variation?
When one species differs from another
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What is intraspecific variation?
When members of the same species differ from one another
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Why might measurements not be representative?
1. Sampling bias 2. Chance
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What is the best way to remove sampling bias?
Random sampling
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What is the best way to remove chance?
Use a large sample size and analysis of data (this being using statistical tests to determine the extent of influence that chance has had on the data
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What is standard deviation?
Is an indication of the values either side of the mean
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How do you calculate standard deviation?
*
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Card 2

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What is the binomial system to naming species?

Back

The first being the generic name, the genus to which the organism belongs to. And then the second name which is the specific name denotes the species to which the organism belongs to.

Card 3

Front

What are the rules to binomial system?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

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The ability to display is genetically determined, true or false?

Back

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Card 5

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Courtship behaviour helps to ensure mating is successful and that offspring have a good chance at survival. How does courtship behaviour enable this?(pt1)

Back

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