A secreting cell acts on nearby target cells by discharging molecules of a local regulator into the extracellular fluid
Paracrine (local)
1 of 13
A nerve cell releases neurotransmitter molecules into a synapse, stimulating the target cell
Synaptic signalling (local)
2 of 13
Specialized endocrine cells secrete hormones into the body fluid, often blood and reach virtually all cells, but only act on some cells
Endocrine signalling (long distance)
3 of 13
Generally, there are __ stages of cell signalling
3
4 of 13
________ is the detection of a signalling molecule coming from outside the cell, this occurs when the molecule binds to the receptor protein on the cell surface membrane
Reception
5 of 13
_________ is the binding of the signal molecule changes the receptor protein in some way into a form that can bring about a cellular response
Transduction
6 of 13
An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group
Kinase
7 of 13
RTK: The part of the receptor protein that extends into the _________ functions as a tyrosine kinase
Cytoplasm
8 of 13
A tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a _________ group from ATP to the amino acid tyrosine on a substrate protein
Phosphate
9 of 13
The ability for a single ligand binding event to trigger so many pathways is a key difference between receptor tyrosine kinases and ___________
G protein coupled receptors
10 of 13
A _____________ is a cell surface transmembrane receptor that works with the help of a G-protein, which binds to the energy rich GTP
G protein coupled receptor
11 of 13
The similarity in structure of G proteins across a diverse selection of organisms suggests
G proteins evolved very early
12 of 13
Many bacterial infections interfere with ________ receptors
G protein
13 of 13
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A nerve cell releases neurotransmitter molecules into a synapse, stimulating the target cell
Back
Synaptic signalling (local)
Card 3
Front
Specialized endocrine cells secrete hormones into the body fluid, often blood and reach virtually all cells, but only act on some cells
Back
Card 4
Front
Generally, there are __ stages of cell signalling
Back
Card 5
Front
________ is the detection of a signalling molecule coming from outside the cell, this occurs when the molecule binds to the receptor protein on the cell surface membrane
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