organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
1 of 20
State 2 functions of carbohydrates. (2)
Source of energy in both plants and animals. Structural role in plant cell walls.
2 of 20
name the 3 types of carbohdyrates (1)
monosaccharide, disaccharide, polysaccharide
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what is the general formula for a monosaccharide? (2)
(CH2O)n
4 of 20
what are triose, pentose & hexose sugars used for? (3)
triose= metabolism, pentose= formation of nucleic acids, hexose= source of energy eg glucose
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What term is given to molecules that have the same molecular formula but different molecular structure? (1)
Isomer
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name the 2 isomers of glucose (2)
Beta glucose, Alpha glucose
7 of 20
what structures to monosaccharides usually exist as when dissolved in water? (1)
Ring structure
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what are disaccharides? (1)
2 monosaccharide units linked by the formation of glycosidic bond
9 of 20
what is a condensation reaction (1)
the elimination of water
10 of 20
what is the disaccharide formed when the 2 monosaccharides, glucose and fructose, link together called? (1)
sucrose
11 of 20
What test is used to detect the presence of reducing sugars and give an example of a reducing sugar. (2)
Benedicts test. Glucose.
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what is a polysaccharide? (2)
large complex molecules called polymers formed from large numbers of monosaccharide units linked together.
13 of 20
give 2 examples of storage polysaccharides and where they are found (2)
starch in plants. glycogen in animals.
14 of 20
what isomer of glucose is a starch polymer made out of? (1)
alpha glucose
15 of 20
Give 3 reasons why starch is an ideal storage polysaccharide. (3)
compact, insoluble = no osmotic effect, readily break down into di/monosaccharide
16 of 20
name the 2 polymers that make up starch and describe their structures (4)
amylose- linear/unbranched coils into a helix. Amylopectin- branched and fits into amylose.
17 of 20
name 2 structural polysaccharides and state where they are found (2)
chitin- in insects. Cellose- in plants.
18 of 20
describe the structure of cellulose and explain how this structure is beneficial (3+2)
parallel chains of beta glucose (1) cross linked by hydrogen bonds which form between hydroxyl groups (1) adjecent glucose molecules rotated by 180 degrees (1) structural stability (1) microfibrils (1) strength (1) rigidity (1)
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How does chitin differ from cellulose and how is this beneficial for insects? (2+2)
amino acids (1) form mucopolysaccharide (1) strong (1) waterproof (1) lightweight for exoskeleton of insects (1)
20 of 20
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
State 2 functions of carbohydrates. (2)
Back
Source of energy in both plants and animals. Structural role in plant cell walls.
Card 3
Front
name the 3 types of carbohdyrates (1)
Back
Card 4
Front
what is the general formula for a monosaccharide? (2)
Back
Card 5
Front
what are triose, pentose & hexose sugars used for? (3)
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