Biochemicals and bonds 4.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? BiologyBiological moleculesASOCR Created by: racheonCreated on: 12-02-14 17:17 Define covalent bonds. Formed when electrons are shared between atoms. They're very strong. Covalently bonded atoms form new molecules. 1 of 25 When are atoms at their most stable? When their outer energy levels contain a specific number of electrons, usually 8. 2 of 25 Because carbon atoms have 4 electrons in their outer orbitals, how can they gain stability? By sharing 4 electrons with other atoms. 3 of 25 Why is a molecule very stable? Because each atom is sharing the electrons to give them a stable, full outer energy level. 4 of 25 What can molecule bonds be made between? (2) Atoms of the same type or other types of atoms. 5 of 25 In some cases, how many bonds can carbon form with another atom? 2. 6 of 25 In carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids, how are large molecules made? By bonding together similar, smaller molecules. 7 of 25 What does the term monomer refer to? A single small molecule. 8 of 25 What can many monomers be joined together to form? A polymer. 9 of 25 Although they are made of smaller molecules bonded together, why are lipids not polymers? Because the smaller molecules are very different. 10 of 25 What is the reaction that links biological monomers together called? A condensation reaction. 11 of 25 Why is the same reaction repeated many times to make a polymer? In order to link many monomers together. 12 of 25 What to do condensation reactions also link apart from biological monomers? The different subunits in lipid molecules. 13 of 25 In a condensation reaction what 3 things happen? A water molecule is released, a new covalent bond is formed, and a larger molecule is formed. 14 of 25 How is a larger molecule formed in a condensation reaction? By the bonding together of smaller molecules. 15 of 25 What is the reaction that splits larger molecules into monomers called? A hydrolysis reaction. 16 of 25 In a hydrolysis reaction what 3 things happen? A water molecule is used, a covalent bond is broken, and smaller molecules are formed. 17 of 25 Polymers can be large molecules that often have specific what? Specific functions that rely on their shape. 18 of 25 When does a hydrogen bond form? When a slightly negatively charged part of a molecule comes close to slightly positively charged hydrogen in the same molecule. 19 of 25 Where is hydrogen bonding most easily seen? In water. 20 of 25 What makes water a very special substance? Hydrogen bonding. 21 of 25 Are hydrogen bonds strong or weak bonds, and does this make them easily broken? Weak bonds, and yes. 22 of 25 What are hydrogen bonds sometimes described as? 'Interactions'. 23 of 25 What do hydrogen bonds do in polymers? Thousands can form and help stabilise the structure of the molecule. 24 of 25 Are covalent bonds difficult to break, and what does breaking one produce? Yes; it produces different molecules or atoms. 25 of 25
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