Bio B3 Enzymes 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyEnzymes and digestionGCSEAQA Created by: gracedunn55Created on: 11-05-15 09:27 Proteins Long chains of amino acids. 1 of 25 Antibodies Chemicals produced by the white blood cells to destroy pathogens. 2 of 25 Muscles Protein fibres that contract to bring about movement 3 of 25 Tendons Protein tissues that connect muscle to bone. 4 of 25 Enzymes Biological catalysts that speed up reactions in the body. 5 of 25 Changing the rate of a reaction: Adding a catalyst Chemicals that increase the rate of the reaction without being actively used up itself. 6 of 25 Changing the rate of a reaction: Increasing the concentration There will be more particles in the same volume so there is a higher chance of collisions. 7 of 25 Changing the rate of a reaction: Increasing the temperature There will be more kinetic energy so collisions are more likely. 8 of 25 Enzymes in the mouth Salivary amylase 9 of 25 Enzymes in the stomach Pepsin (gastric protease) 10 of 25 Enzymes in the small intestine Pancreatic amylase, pancreatic protease, pancreatic lipase, bile 11 of 25 pH in the mouth pH7 - neutral 12 of 25 pH in the stomach pH2 - acidic (HCl to kill bacteria) 13 of 25 pH in the small intestine pH9 - alkaline (to neutralise acid from the stomach) 14 of 25 Where is bile made, stored and released? Made - liver, Stored - gall bladder, Released - small intestine via the bile duct 15 of 25 Products of protein digestion Proteins (protease) ----> amino acids 16 of 25 Products of starch digestion Starch (amylase) -----> glucose 17 of 25 Products of fat digestion Fats (lipase) ----> fatty acids + glycerol 18 of 25 Where is protease made and used? Made - stomach, small intestine, pancreas ... Used - stomach, small intestine 19 of 25 Where is amylase made and used? Made - salivary glands, pancreas, small intestine ... Used - mouth, small intestine 20 of 25 Where is lipase made and used? Made - pancreas, small intestine ... Used - small intestine 21 of 25 Enzymes in industry - protease Pre-digests proteins in baby foods making it easier for babies to digest it while still giving them the amino acids they need. 22 of 25 Enzymes in industry - carbohydrase Converts starch into sugar syrup. This is widely used by manufacturers due to its low cost. 23 of 25 Enzymes in industry - isomerase Converts glucose into fructose which is sweeter in the same quantity. Used in slimming foods as less sugar is required. 24 of 25 Enzymes in industry - biological detergents Contains protease and lipase that remove stains by breaking down proteins and fats. Requires low temperatures (cheaper) so enzymes aren't denatured. 25 of 25
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