inhibits digestive proteases- potential role in plant defense
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what does the F-box do?
mediates jasmonate-regulated plant defense
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what do Calmodulin-binding proteins mediate?
responses to diverse endogenous and environmental cues in plants
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what is the role of MAP4?
signal transduction
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what is the role of serpin?
Control of proteolysis is important for plant growth, development, responses to stress, and defence against insects and pathogens, control proteolytic cascades
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what does catalase do?
catalyzes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen- controls levels of H2O2
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Proteome analysis is a sensitive method to detect what?
global changes in wheat proteins following insect infestation.
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what part do aphids have in this?
Aphids induce a strong local response in wheat
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how long does it take for a systemic response to be detected in wheat?
8 days
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what effects do aphids induce in plants?
oxidative stress, regulatory proteins and disease and insect resistance factors in wheat- however not enough to confer resistance
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Different (blank) wheat lines show different responses to aphid infestation
diploid
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do the diploid resistant wheat line behave differently or the same as the susceptible wheat line following aphid infestation?
behave differently
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Antioxidants and stress response proteins were shown to be present in which- diploid resistant or the susceptible line?
diploid resistant line and only following aphid feeding- absent in susceptible line- diploid resistant line may be a valuable tool in breeding wheat for resistance to aphid
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does mechanical wounding induce the same or different set of responses to insect feeding?
different set of responses
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what is the common name for the species Delia coarctata?
Wheat Bulb Fly
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how does the wheat bulb fly attack plants?
It penetrates the stems where it mines at the level of the terminal bud. During its growth, it can attack successively, 5 to 6 tillers and destroy them.
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what has wheat often been selected/bred for?
grain and flour quality and pathogen resistance, but commercial cultivars have low levels on insect resistance
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which technologies can make significant contribution to sustainable food security?
Molecular breeding approaches, including production of GM crops via recombinant DNA technology
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what will crop yield limited by even with these approaches?
by availability and cost of nutrients: P, N, and K- crops have been selected under conditions of high nutrient input – this approach is not sustainable in the long-term
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what is the flag leaf used for?
critically important in determining yield, The ear, together with the flag leaf, is believed to play a major role as a source of assimilates during grain filling in C3 cereals.
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