Land Development, Over-exploitation, Introduction of alien species, Pollution
1 of 19
What is on site conservation?
On site or in includes protecting ecosystems and maintaining fragile habitats
2 of 19
What is off site conservation?
Off site or ex-situ conservation includes supporting vulnerable populations through zoos and seed banks
3 of 19
How did the first zoos different from the zoos of today?
Almost nothing was known about the animal's behaviour or biology so cages were designed for maximum visibility and little attention was paid to their care and needs.
4 of 19
Outline the aims of captive breeding programs.
Increasing no. of individuals of a species if numbers are low, maintaining genetic diversity within the captive pop. reintroducing animals into the wild where possible.
5 of 19
How does genetic drift occur?
In a small pop. some alleles may not get passed down purely by chance which causes a change in alley frequency over time leading to a reduction in genetic variation.
6 of 19
How does inbreeding depression occur?
In a small pop. (whether in the wild or in captivity) the possibility of closely related mating increases.
7 of 19
What are the results of inbreeding depression?
Individuals resulting from inbreeding inherit recessive alleles from both parents resulting in the accumulation of homozygous recessive genotypes in offspring= lower life expectancy, females have less eggs etc.
8 of 19
What is a studbook?
A studbook for a species shows the history and location of all captive animals of that species in places cooperating in the overall breeding program.
9 of 19
How are studbooks used in breeding plans?
Studbook provides raw data that the breeding plan is based on and then the scientists understanding of genetic shapes the breeding plans themselves.
10 of 19
How can genetic diversity be retained in a captive population?
Individuals that breed rely in captivity must be encouraged to breed while those particularly god breeders must be limited in breeding success.
11 of 19
Name 2 techniques that are supporting modern studbooks.
Cytogenetics (looking at structure of chromosomes) and molecular biology (studying the nature of genes themselves)
12 of 19
Why is it important that studbooks be supported by these techniques?
Studbook data may be incomplete as previously zoos may not have kept a record as carefully. Plus these techniques can reveal if individuals are too closely related for desirable breeding purposes.
13 of 19
Summarise the role of zoos (5 points)
Centres for research, Education, Reintroduction of species into the wild, Captive Breeding, Studbooks allowing to mate non-related individuals
14 of 19
What is the aim of the Millennium Seed Bank?
To conserve seed samples from threatened species of plants. Seed are collected from around the world with a focus on plants and regions most vulnerable to human impact.
15 of 19
Why does collecting plant's seeds have no large effect on the plant itself?
Because most plants produce a large no. of seeds so collecting small samples is unlikely to cause damage to the wild population.
16 of 19
What are the benefits of storing seeds?
Most seeds are small so easy to store, can survive in a desiccated state (moisture removed) for several years, is less expensive and less maintenance as they don't have to take care of live plants.
17 of 19
Outline how the seeds' viability is checked.
1 month after seed has been stored, sample taken out and germinated to ensure seed can survive storage conditions.Germination then tested every 10 years & if germination falls below 75%, seeds are grown to collect new sample which is then stored.
18 of 19
What can collected seeds be used for?
Research, habitat restoration and species reintroduction
19 of 19
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is on site conservation?
Back
On site or in includes protecting ecosystems and maintaining fragile habitats
Card 3
Front
What is off site conservation?
Back
Card 4
Front
How did the first zoos different from the zoos of today?
Comments
No comments have yet been made