Bio revision cards

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  • Created by: liztoomer
  • Created on: 07-12-16 15:12
Photosynthesis
The process by which some organisms can use light energy to turn inorganic chemicals (like carbon dioxide) into organic chemicals (like glucose)
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Waxy Cuticle
A water proof layer found at the top of a leaf
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Upper Epidermis
A layer of cells at the top of a leaf, makes the waxy cuticle and has no chloroplasts
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Palisade Mesophyll
Tall cells in a leaf just below the upper epidermis. Cells packed closely together to get as much light as possible
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Spongy Mesophyll
A layer underneath the palisade layer in a leaf. Has air spaces (spongy) so the cells can collect gases from the air
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Guard Cell
Cells found either side of a stomata. When they are turgid the stomata is open. If they lose water they will close the stomata
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Stomata
A hole usually found on the underside of a leaf. Allows gases to enter and exit
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Minerals
Inorganic chemical ions, very important in food or soil, e.g. Iron in food or nitrates in the soil
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Vitamins
Small organic molecules that help our bodies function properly. Discovered by Casimir Funk, that's Dr Funk to you
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Water
Small molecule, vital for life. H2O. High specific heat capacity and good solvent.
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Vitamin A
Vitamin found in carrots, used by our bodies to see in low light
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Vitamin C
Vitamin found in citrus fruit that helps us make collagen (a protein that holds our cells together - important). Vitamin C is water soluble and so can be urinated away, you need it all the time
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Vitamin D
Vitamin made by our skin when in sunlight. Helps us absorb Calcium in our food.
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Iron
Mineral, found in red meat, that helps make haemoglobin. Not enough results in anaemia. More is needed by girls
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Calcium
Mineral found in diary products. Helps us grow strong bones, more is needed when growing
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Fibre
A food group that cannot be digested. Passes through you. Helps your digestive system function
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Energy Requirements
The number of calories you need to eat for your lifestyle. If you are very active, or are growing, you will need more. If you eat more than this you will gain weight, if less you will lose weight
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Alimentary Canal
A tube that runs from your mouth to your anus. Makes up most of the digestive system
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Mouth
Where food is chewed and saliva (contains amylase) is added. Chewing increases the surface area to volume ratio of food making your enzymes more effective. It also makes the food easier to swallow
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Oesophagus
A tube connecting your mouth to your stomach. Food passes along it by peristalsis, even if you stand on your head
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Stomach
A bag with hydrochloric acid in. Food is churned here and mixed with Pepsin, a protease. The acid kills microbes and helps the Pepsin work
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Small Intestine
A long tube, has two parts (duodenum and ileum). Digestion is finished in the duodenum and digested food is absorbed in the ileum
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Large Intestine
A shorter wider tube at the end of the digestive system. Here water and minerals are absorbed. This dries the faeces
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Pancreas
An organ in that is part of the digestive system and makes amylase, lipase and protease. Also part of the endocrine (hormone) system, makes insulin
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Ingestion
The process by which food is taken into an organism
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Digestion
The process by which food is broken down into smaller parts. Mechanical digestion includes chewing, Chemical digestion involves pulling apart large molecules so the smaller more soluble parts can be absorbed
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Absorption
The process by which small molecules from digested food move into the blood stream
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Assimilation
The process by which the molecules absorbed from digestion are used in the body
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Egestion
The process by which undigested food exits the body through the anus
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Peristalsis
A muscular contraction behind food that pushes it along the digestive system. A bit like toothpaste being pushed out of a tube
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Amylase
An enzyme that breaks down starch into glucose (via maltose)
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Protease
An enzyme that breaks down proteins into amino acids (via polypeptides)
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Lipase
An enzyme that breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol
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Bile
A substance, made in the liver and stored in the gall bladder. It is added to the food after the stomach and neutralises stomach acids. It also emulsifies fats
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Gall Bladder
An organ that stores Bile
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Neutralise
To change the pH of a solution so that it is less acidic or less alkaline
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Emulsify
To break up a fat into tiny droplets, massively increases the surface area to volume ratio
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Villi
Finger-like projections in the Ileum (like the surface of a towel). Large increase in surface area. Walls of villi are one cell thick and they have a good blood supply. Digested food is easily absorbed
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A water proof layer found at the top of a leaf

Back

Waxy Cuticle

Card 3

Front

A layer of cells at the top of a leaf, makes the waxy cuticle and has no chloroplasts

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Tall cells in a leaf just below the upper epidermis. Cells packed closely together to get as much light as possible

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

A layer underneath the palisade layer in a leaf. Has air spaces (spongy) so the cells can collect gases from the air

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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