2 key differences between nervous + endocrine system?
Electrical impulses vs Hormones
Very fast vs Much Slower
1 of 22
What happens in a normal person when blood glucose is too high?
Pancreas produces insulin
Insulin makes body cells take in glucose from the blood
Liver and muscle cells store glucose as GLYCOGEN
Hence it returns to the normal level
2 of 22
What occurs with Type 1 diabetes?
Pancreas does not produce enough insulin
Inject themselves with insulin
3 of 22
What occurs with Type 2 diabetes?
Body cells stop responding to insulin
Controlled glucose in diet
Obesity risk factor
4 of 22
What happens in a normal person when blood glucose is too low?
Pancreas releases the hormone glucagon into the bloodstream
Liver converts glycogen back into glucose
5 of 22
How do the kidneys deal with glucose?
Blood in veins, filters glucose out via capillaries
Then all is reabsorbed - selective reabsorption - back into the blood
6 of 22
How do the kidneys deal with urea?
Blood enters kidney containing urea
Kidney removes all urea
This leaves the kidney as urine and is stored in the bladder
Blood in veins, filters urea out via capillaries
None is reabsorbed
7 of 22
How do the kidneys deal with water/ions?
Kidney removes excess water/ions from the blood
This leaves the kidney as urine and is stored in the bladder
Blood in veins, filters water/ions out via capillaries
Some is reabsorbed back into the blood
8 of 22
How do the kidneys deal with amino acids?
Deamination - LIVER breaks down excess amino acids into ammonia
Ammonia is toxic so it turns into urea
9 of 22
What happens if water levels in the blood are too low?
ADH released
Kidney tubules become more permeable to water
So water moves out of tubules into blood
10 of 22
What happens if water levels in the blood are too high?
Opposite - kidneys reabsorb less water into the blood
11 of 22
How does dialysis work?
Dialysis fluid is perfect, no urea, normal levels of water and ions
Patient's molecules pass through PPM so the patient's blood is left at the right concentration
12 of 22
LIGHT: Where is auxin produced and what does it do?
Very tips of the shoots
Triggers cell growth
Light makes more auxin be on the dark side of the shoot
Cells on dark side grow faster, causing phototropism
13 of 22
GRAVITY: Where is auxin produced and what does it do?
Lower side of roots
Inhibits cell growth
Upper side grows faster so it bends down towards gravity
14 of 22
What does adrenaline do?
Increases heart rate
More oxygen and glucose is carried to the brain/muscles
15 of 22
What does thyroxine do?
Makes chemical reactions in the body faster
Growth and development
16 of 22
How to control the variables in RP8?
Remove extra seedlings so they each have the same number
17 of 22
Asexual reproduction?
One parent produces genetically identical offspring, no gametes needed
Hence mitosis
18 of 22
Describe meiosis
Chromosomes are copied
Cell divides into 2
Each divides AGAIN to form genetically different gametes
Single chromosomes
19 of 22
Describe the carbon cycle
CO2 in atmosphere
Photosynthesis + Respiration
Plants containing carbon eaten by animals etc
Animals respire + faeces + dead animals
Decomposition + decomposers respire, so CO2 is back in the atmosphere
20 of 22
Describe the water cycle
Water evaporates from sea
Clouds form
Rain falls
Rivers, aquifers, plants, animals
Evaporates/flows back into sea
21 of 22
If in RP7 there is a large tree in the field, what is used + how does it work?
Transect line
To see how the number of daisies from the tree changes outwards
Tape measure at tree
Quadrats at start to end
22 of 22
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What happens in a normal person when blood glucose is too high?
Back
Pancreas produces insulin
Insulin makes body cells take in glucose from the blood
Liver and muscle cells store glucose as GLYCOGEN
Hence it returns to the normal level
Card 3
Front
What occurs with Type 1 diabetes?
Back
Card 4
Front
What occurs with Type 2 diabetes?
Back
Card 5
Front
What happens in a normal person when blood glucose is too low?
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