Bio - Gas Exchange 0.0 / 5 ? BiologyGas ExchangeASAQA Created by: KTPLCreated on: 20-11-16 16:44 What 2 things affect the rate of gas exchange? Surface area, Volume 1 of 43 Why does the volume affect the rate of gas production or use? Larger volume = more/bigger cells = increases use of oxygen and production of carbon dioxide in increased respiration 2 of 43 What is meant by metabolic rate? The rate at which chemical reactions occur in the body 3 of 43 Which metabolic rate is greater: a mouse or an elephant? A mouse 4 of 43 What is produced by metabolic processes? Heat 5 of 43 What is the PRODUCTION of heat related to? The mass/volume of the organism 6 of 43 What is the RATE OF HEAT LOSS determined by? Surface Area of the organism 7 of 43 Smaller animals have a larger or smaller SA:Vol ratio? Larger - lose heat faster 8 of 43 How do small animals increase their metabolic rate? Respire faster to replace lost heat 9 of 43 All living cells must respire to product what to survive? ATP 10 of 43 What is the equation for aerobic respiration? Glucose + Oxygen --- Carbon Dioxide + Water 11 of 43 How are the gases in respiration exchanged? Diffusion 12 of 43 What are the factors of a gas exchange surface that affects that rate of gas exchange? Surface area, Concentration gradient, Thickness of surface 13 of 43 What is the ideal gas exchange surface? Large SA; Large conc. gradient; as thin as possible 14 of 43 Why do humans need to carry out gas exchange? We require constant supply of oxygen and constantly need to remove carbon dioxide 15 of 43 Why do mammals exchange high volumes of gases? Have a high rate of respiration as need to maintain constant body temp. 16 of 43 What are the main parts of the human gas exchange system? Larynx, Trachea, Ribs, Intercostal muscles, Bronchus, Bronchioles, Lungs, Diaphragm 17 of 43 What lines much of the airways? Mucus membranes 18 of 43 What cells does the mucus membrane contain? Goblet cells that secrete mucus (lined with ciliated epithelium) 19 of 43 What is the role of mucus? To trap micro-organisms and debris, keeping the airways clear 20 of 43 What is the role of cilia? To remove trapped micro-organisms and debris by beating regularly 21 of 43 What are the small air sacs called at the end of bronchioles? Alveoli 22 of 43 What is an alveolus made of? A single layer of epithelium 23 of 43 What occurs at alveoli and capillaries? Gas exchange 24 of 43 Where does oxygen diffuse through? The endothelium of the blood capillaries and the epithelium of the alveoli 25 of 43 Why are alveoli efficient at gas exchange? Large SA; VERY thin exchange surface (1 cell thick); maintain large conc, gradient 26 of 43 What are the two layers of cells between the air in alveoli and blood in the capillary? 2 Squamous epithelium (of alveolar and capillary wall) 27 of 43 What 2 things does breathing involve? Inspiration and Expiration 28 of 43 What is Inspiration? Taking air INTO the thorax 29 of 43 What is Expiration? Moving air OUT of the thorax 30 of 43 What is the only opening to the outside in the repertory system? The thorax 31 of 43 When is air drawn into the lungs? When pressure inside thorax is LOWER the atmospheric pressure 32 of 43 When is air forced out of the lungs? when pressure inside the thorax is GREATER than atmospheric pressure 33 of 43 During inspiration, what happens to pressure and volume? Volume : Increases - Pressure : Decreases 34 of 43 During expiration, what happens to pressure and volume? Volume : Decreases. - Pressure : Increases 35 of 43 What are antagonistic muscles? A muscle that opposes the action of another muscle 36 of 43 What two muscles are antagonistic in the respiratory system? The internal and external intercostal muscles 37 of 43 What protein do the walls of the alveoli contain? Elastin 38 of 43 What does the protein in the alveoli do? Inspiration:Stretches. - Expiration:Recoils 39 of 43 What is tidal volume? Volume of air breathed in or out of the lungs in a normal resting breath 40 of 43 What is ventilation rate? The number of breaths in or out per minute 41 of 43 What is pulmonary ventilation? Total volume of air that is moved into the lungs in one minute 42 of 43 What does 'casually linked' mean? One variable causes the other to occur 43 of 43
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