Doubling on parts, e.g a saxophonist is also playing the clarinet part.
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How do the orchestra ensure they don't overpower Tony?
The use soft dynamics and soft timbres (muted trumpets and pizzicato strings)
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What musical features is given to the lyrics "the air is humming"?
Word-Painting
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What are the strings doing which creates anticipation in this section?
Using harmonics (very high notes and tremelo)
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What keys are explored in this piece?
Starts in D major, modulates to C major b40 (keeping F sharps which makes the piece sound bitonal), and again in b97 before finishing in D major.
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How does the harmony create a sense of foreboading?
Tritones/augmented 4ths and bass harmonies move in chromatic parrallel fourths b77-b81
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How has jazz influenced harmony?
Lots of flattened 7ths- the last note is a C natural which creates a sense of unresolution, extended chords and neopolitan chords in b95 which creates dissonance.
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What are the main 3 themes which the melody is based on?
1) Quiet, syncopated opening theme, 2) loud word painting theme b21 and 3) slow, lyrical theme b73 which all alternate a number of times.
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Apart from the 3 main themes, what key words best describe the melody?
Almost entirely syllabic with melisma on "knows", high tessitura, short periodic phrasing expect longer phrases, melodic riffs used throuhgout, blues notes and contrasting
10 of 16
Describe the structure.
Introduction (1 bar vamp), A (syncopated rhythm), B (ompah backing), B- but shorter, A-but shorter, Outro is left unresolved on flat 7th
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What phrase best describes the texture?
Melody dominated homophony, but when the band accent certain words homophony is created and in between stabs there are brief moments of monophony.
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What is the tempo?
Fast, crotchet=176 which creates excitement.
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What is the metre?
It changes between 3/4 and 2/4.
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Describe the rhythmic features in the piece.
Syncopation, cross rhythms, push rhythms, driving rhythms, accents, riffs/ostinatos and some straight rhythms too (oom-pah bass)
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What is the mood of the piece and how is it created?
Optimistic with an underlining sense of foreboading, created by tritones, lyrics, major tonality and fast.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are many of the woodwind players doing?
Back
Doubling on parts, e.g a saxophonist is also playing the clarinet part.
Card 3
Front
How do the orchestra ensure they don't overpower Tony?
Back
Card 4
Front
What musical features is given to the lyrics "the air is humming"?
Back
Card 5
Front
What are the strings doing which creates anticipation in this section?
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