The heightened tensions between the USA and the USSR post WW2. Called Cold because of the lack of actual physical aggression.
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What was the Iron Curtain?
A phrase coined by Winston Churchill to describe the separation of East and West Europe succeeding WW2.
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Where and who met to decide the fate of Germany after WW2 ended?
At the Yalta Conference in February 1945 - Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin
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How many sections were Germany divided into after WW2?
4 - USA, UK, France and USSR
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How did Germany split?
France, UK and USA all joined their sections together to make the German Federal Republic (West Germany) and the German Democratic Republic (East Germany)
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How and when was Berlin split?
1948, Berlin was split into 4 at first but eventually half became East German and half West German
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What was the main reason for conflict between East and West Germany?
The USSR was Communist and the USA was Capitalist - they had drastically different ideologies
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What was the Marshall Plan?
American Aid to European countries to help rebuild their economies so they could be strong enough to resist the USSR's plan to spread communism
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What was the Truman Doctrine?
A promise made by the USA to support any nation threatened by a Communist takeover, for example Turkey and Greece were given $400 Million.
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Who became American President in 1961?
John F Kennedy
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Why was their tension between East and West Berlin?
East had low standards of living and West was Capitalist and higher
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Why did lots of people defect from East to West Berlin?
Better standard of life and more freedom
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Why was a lot of defectors bad?
The majority of defectors were skilled and fuelled the East's economy. Them leaving caused a rapid decrease in East's economy and a rapid rise in West's
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What happened in 1958?
Khrushchev gave Western troops an ultimatum of 6 months to leave West Berlin which instigates a lot of tension
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What happened in 1960?
The USSR shot down an American spy plane called U2 and captured its pilot
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What was a long term reason to why the Berlin Wall was erected in 1961?
The number of defectors from East to West was still increasing and at the rate they were going, the East Berlin economy was going to collapse
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What was a short term reason to why the Berlin Wall was erected in 1961?
JFK was a new, young and inexperienced President. Khrushchev wished to exploit his weakness and when demanding Western troops leave Berlin- JFK refused
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When was the Berlin Wall erected?
13th August 1961
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What was Kennedy's reaction to the Berlin Wall?
"A wall is a hell of a lot better than a war"
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What was the Iron Curtain?
Back
A phrase coined by Winston Churchill to describe the separation of East and West Europe succeeding WW2.
Card 3
Front
Where and who met to decide the fate of Germany after WW2 ended?
Back
Card 4
Front
How many sections were Germany divided into after WW2?
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