Benefits of relationships on psychological well being

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What did Argyle suggest?
If we have the right kinds of social attachments, we are likely to live longer, to have better physical and mental health to feel happier
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What did Bowlby suggest?
if you had a secure attachments in childhood then this would mean that in adulthood your relationships would be more loving and enduring
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What would a strong childhood relationship with what be?
primary caregiver would be benefitical to future psychological and relationship stability
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Who was this extended by?
Hazan and shaver
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In what hypothesis?
the continuity hypothesis
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What did they take of Bowlbys?
internal working model and applied it to love and psychological wellbeing in adulthood
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If you had avoidant insecure attachments in childhood what would this lead to?
a knock on effect to psychological well being in adulthood
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Therefore, What would you lack?
trust and be fearful of closeness
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conversely, secure childhood attachments would mean that you would be?
benefited in terms of psychological wellbeing
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By having relationships that?
were trusting and positive in their nature as adults
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Supporting evidence for what idea?
secure relationships are important for psychological wellbeing
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is provided by who?
Feeney and Noller
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What did they find in their study?
securely attached individuals had the most long term and enduring romantic relationships
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avoidantly attached people had what?
the most short lived and least intense relationships
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What does this suggest?
secure childhood attachments are a benefit to adult psychological well being
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how could the validity of research be questioned?
bias that research is not normally longitudinal in nature
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what does it rely on?
pps recalling their relationships with the primary caregiver in adulthood
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Why is this problematic?
memories can become distorted over time
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therefore what might the research not?
paint a rue picture of the effect of attachment on later psychological well being
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However, what is a weakness of suggesting childhood attachment will affect your long term wellbeing?
is deterministic
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What does the continuity hypothesis suggest?
attachment type will affect your psychological wellbeing and view of all future relationships,
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hence according to this hypothesis a person will not have the ability to what? which is?
future, pessimistic
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However what might people have?
possible that people can have different experiences
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Insecurely attached children might what?
find relationships benefitical to psychological wellbeing as they exert their free will
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Relationships status is also directly correlated to what?
mental health
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married people are least likely to be what?
admitted to mental institutions
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followed by who?
singletons, widows and divorcees respectivelys
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people in relationships are what? and have what?
happier and have higher self esteem
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What did married people display?
the highest levels of happiness
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However what was it suggested?
cohabiting couples do not gain the same benefitical effects
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children and more likely to have what on parents?
depressive effects
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It might also be argued that relationships are what?
rewarding and hence our self esteem when in them is increased
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What hypothesis is this?
main effect hypothesis
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This is what on wellbeing?
benefitical effects due to social support which decreases your likelihood of depression
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What are there problems with?
cause and effect of relationships
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for example, what is the marriage causing?
happiness or vice versa
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What did the research by Wu et al suggest?
that is marriage that causes the happiness, not that happy people are more likely to get married
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Men with lower psychological wellbeing were more likely to what?
to get married, and once they had done so thei wellbeing would increase
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What does this suggest?
relationships are beneficial to psychological wellbeing
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What would be a problem?
individual differences
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What does this suggest?
all people in relationships have higher self esteem and happiness
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What ignores?
negative effects that relationships can sometimes have psychological well being
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For example, is it true to say what?
people who are victimes of domestic violence are happier
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in addition, divorced or widowed couples are seen to be what?
people who were never married
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Thus relationships are not what?
always beneficial to psychological well-being
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What does the buffering hypothesis extend?
idea of social support
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What does this suggest?
a relationship acts like a vaccination to high stress lvels
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In times of crisis(infection) people what?
social network provide emotional support to help us to cope better and hence act as a buffer to stress
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What does this mean?
people who lack the resources to cope on their own
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would be ?
benefited psychologically by a relationship of any time
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for example?
friendships, romantic relationships, close family bonds
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How does Pearlin et al support the buffering hypothesis?
their reasearch found that stress leels of the unemployed were lowered
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due to what?
social support from a spouse or other confidant
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What did they also find?
well supported individuals were less depressed
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And had higher?
self esteem than those with only moderate or weak levels of support
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What does this suggest?
relationships are beneficial to psychological wellbeing
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What is a weakness of all these theories?
they are reductionist
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What mifht other factors be?
more likely to play a role in psychological wellbeing
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Assuming relationships are what?
beneficial
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What does it not negate?
the fact that some people might well suffer from depression, not because they are not married
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or had what?
insecure attachments, lack of social support
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but instead what because?
chemical imbalance in the brain or a genetic predisposition
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theories into what are what?
relationships and wellbeing are oversimplified
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What did Bowlby suggest?

Back

if you had a secure attachments in childhood then this would mean that in adulthood your relationships would be more loving and enduring

Card 3

Front

What would a strong childhood relationship with what be?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Who was this extended by?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

In what hypothesis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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