Lexis and associated meanings of words and phrases
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Sentences to create meaning is?
Grammar
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Graphemes that relate are?
Phonemes
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Writing also means being able to use?
Punctuation
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To a certain extent especially in conversation what is used?
Pragmatics
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Cohesive Structures include?
Paragraphs, Linking, Sentences and between paragraphs.
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To create meaning what is used?
Graphology (underlining)
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Variations in language is used to suit?
Audience, Purpose and Context (Register)
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A major difference between reading and writing is that writing requires motor and mechanical skills:
Children have to hold pens and pencils, controlling them in order to gather their thoughts and ideas onto paper.
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How many things are needed to teach children about writing?
5
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1.
How to hold a pen
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2.
Finger space between words
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3.
Writing on the lines
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4.
Shape of the letter
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5.
Layout - Start of lines - Left to Right
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6.
Capital and Lowercase
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7.
Punctuation correctly
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How do we learn to write?
Children to learn how to do certain things.
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What is the first thing that children learn to do first?
Write their names
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Children are taught letter forms by?
Repetition and tracing dotted lines
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What are the stages of writing in the right order?
Drawing, Letter - like forms, Copied letters, Child name + string of letters, Words, Sentences, Text
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Theorist: Kathy Barclay 1996
Identified 7 stages of childrens writing
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First Stage is called?
SCRIBBLING. Random marks on a page. Sibling also known as emerged writing. To encourage at this stage, adults can offer blank paper and writing tools and talk with children about their writing.
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Second Stage is called?
MOCK HANDWRITING. Often appears with drawings. Children produce lines with wavy scribbles. Stage resembles cursive writing.
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Third Stage is called?
MOCK LETTERS. Childrens make letter - like shapes that resemble conventional alphabet letters
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Fourth Stage is called?
CONVENTIONAL LETTERS. First word to appear is childs names. Adults often see a string of letters across a page that a child
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Fifth Stage is called?
INVENTED SPELLINGS. Child writes conventional letters, they begin to cluster letters to make words. Although the words may not appear conventional, children will often ask adults "What did I Write"
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Sixth Stage is Called?
APPROXIMATED OR PHONETIC SPELLING. Children begin to associate sounds with letters.
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Seventh Stage is called?
CONVENTIONAL SPELLING. Approximates spelling becomes more and more conventional.
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Theorist: B.M. Kroll 1981
Identified 4 different stages in the development of writing skills.
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Stage 1 - Up to 6
Preparation - Basic motor skills are acquired alongside some spelling
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Stage 2 - 7 - 8
Consolidation - Writing reflects speech, very short sentences, colloquial, register, unfinished sentences, declaratives, strings of clauses linked with 'and' 'then' 'so'
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Stage 3 - 9 - 10
Diffentiation - Awareness of differences between written and speech. Complex sentences used, with more sophisticated conjunctions. A range of styles is acquired for different purposes and genres. Understanding of writing for audiences and purposes.
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Stage 4 - Teens Upwards
Intergration - Personal 'voice' develops and ability to adapt to bigger range of purposes and genres. Writing is controlled and linguistic choices are consistently made.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Sentences to create meaning is?
Back
Grammar
Card 3
Front
Graphemes that relate are?
Back
Card 4
Front
Writing also means being able to use?
Back
Card 5
Front
To a certain extent especially in conversation what is used?
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