Behaviourist Approach

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What is assumption 1?
Humans are born like a blank slate
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What is Behaviourism?
The view that all behaviour can be explained in terms of learning (environment)
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Tabula rasa in english?
Latin for the term blank slate
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What does blank slate actually mean?
Behaviour is learned from interactions with the environment, we don’t think about our behaviour we respond to environmental stimuli. We are not born with in-built mental content and internal content such as emotions don’t drive our behaviour
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What is Environmental determinism?
The view that behaviour can be explained by factors in physical and psychological surroundings
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What does Empiricist mean?
Only based on what you see
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What is assumption 2?
Behaviour is learnt through conditioning
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What is Classical conditioning?
Learning through association
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What is an Unconditioned stimulus?
Stimulus that produces an innate reflex response. For example, food produces a salivation response
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What is an Unconditioned response?
Innate reflex response to a stimulus. For example, salivation with the presence of food
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What is a Neutral stimulus?
Stimulus that doesn’t initially produce target response
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What is a Conditioned stimulus?
The previously neutral stimulus that after becoming associated with the unconditioned stimulus becomes a trigger to a conditioned response
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What is a Conditioned response?
The new response to the association that has been learned
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What is an Operant conditioning?
Learning that occurs when we are reinforced for doing something , increasing the probability that the behaviour will be repeated
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What is Reinforcement?
Increase the changes of behaviour being completed
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What is a Positive Reinforcement?
Giving reward. For example, a sticker
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What is a Negative Reinforcement?
Removing something unpleasant. For example, not doing washing up due to good behaviour
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What is a Punishment?
Reduces chances of behaviour being repeated
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What is a Positive Punishment?
Giving a punishment For example, giving a smack
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What is a Negative Punishment?
Removing something pleasant. For example, having a curfew or grounding
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What is assumption 3?
Humans and animals learn in similar ways
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What is assumption 3?
The laws of learning are the same for animals and humans as studies on animal learning in a laboratory environment mean generalisations can be made about human behaviour.
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What is the link between humans and animals?
The laws of learning are the same for animals and humans as studies on animal learning in a laboratory environment mean generalisations can be made about human behaviour. Also, using animals increases the ability to control the environment.
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What is a Phobia?
Irrational fear
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What is a Token Economy?
Get given tokens as rewards to save and use them in exchange for privileges
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What is a Flooding?
Sudden exposure to fear until the patient is able to relax
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What is component 1 of systematic desensitisation?
Counterconditioning
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What is Systematic Desensitisation?
When a patient is gradually exposed (or imagines) a threatening situation
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What is Counterconditioning?
Is the client learning a new association that is opposite (runs counter)to the original association? It generally begins with a relaxation technique
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What is component 2 of systematic desensitisation?
Desensitisation hierarchy
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What is Desensitization Hierarchy?
Gradual steps that are determined at the beginning of the therapy and therapist. They work out a hierarchy of feared stimuli (from least to most fearful)
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What is In vivo desensitisation? (used in the early days of systematic desensitisation)
Learning to relax in the presence of objects or images that would normally arouse anxiety
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What is In vitro (covert) desensitisation? (more recent)
To imagine the presence of the feared stimulus
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Strengths of Systematic desensitisation (evaluation)
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Weaknesses of Systematic Desensitisation (evaluation)
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Methodology in Watson and Rayner (1920)
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Emotional tests ( 9 months )
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Findings of the Emotional tests ( 9 months )
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Session 1: establishing a conditioned emotional response (11 months and 3 days )
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Findings of Session 1 ( 11 months and 3 days )
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Session 2: testing conditioned response ( 11 months and 10 days )
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Findings of Session 2 ( 11 months and 10 days )
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Session 3: Generalisations ( 11 months and 15 days)
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Findings of Session 3 ( 11 months and 15 days)
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Session 4: Changing the environment ( 11 months and 20 days)
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Findings of Session 4
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Session 5: The effect of time ( 12 months )
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Findings of Session 5
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Conclusion
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Strengths of Watson and Rayner 1920 PART 1
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Strengths of Watson and Rayner 1920 PART 2
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Weaknesses of Watson and Rayner 1920 PART 1
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Weaknesses of Watson and Rayner 1920 PART 2
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Ethical issues
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Social implications PART 1
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Social implications PART 2
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At home (Conditioning techniques are appropriate)
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At home (Conditioning techniques aren't appropriate)
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In school (Conditioning techniques are appropriate)
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In school (Conditioning techniques aren't appropriate)
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Peers (Conditioning techniques are appropriate)
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Peers (Conditioning techniques aren't appropriate)
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Vulnerable groups of childreen (Conditioning techniques are appropriate)
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Vulnerable groups of children (Conditioning techniques aren't appropriate)
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Strengths of the Behaviourist Approach PART 1
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Strengths of the Behaviourist Approach PART 2
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Weakness of the Behaviourist Approach PART 1
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Weakness of the Behaviourist Approach PART 2
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

The view that all behaviour can be explained in terms of learning (environment)

Back

What is Behaviourism?

Card 3

Front

Latin for the term blank slate

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Behaviour is learned from interactions with the environment, we don’t think about our behaviour we respond to environmental stimuli. We are not born with in-built mental content and internal content such as emotions don’t drive our behaviour

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The view that behaviour can be explained by factors in physical and psychological surroundings

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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