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6. According to Lindon, 2010 Maturation is?

  • Universal, sequential, impervious to environmental influence.
  • Strongly influenced by the environment.
  • A process determined by physical appearance.
  • Identical for all individuals

7. What is Synaptogenesis?

  • The storing of new information and consequential learning
  • When new connections is formed between neurones
  • Pruning-where connections that are repeatedly used become permanent while those that are not used begin to die.
  • The strengthening of memory by creating various different connections to a memory

8. Lindon 2010 discusses that?

  • The environment has little influence on children’s development
  • The studies involving Bobo dolls have been deemed inaccurate
  • Babies begin with unconditioned stimulus and responses however when new stimulus are introduced this changes to a conditioned stimulus and response.
  • Behaviourism/learning theory places greater emphasis on Nature over Nurture

9. A Microsystem refers to?

  • The child, nuclear family
  • Matters inside the mind of a child
  • Family, friends, extended family
  • Government policy and laws

10. Bruner (1950s) believed that?

  • Children are active learners needing first-hand experience, that children’s development is supported through scaffolding.
  • Adults involved in the care of children have very little impact on development.
  • That development is universal and sequential.
  • Adults involved in the care of children have a significant impact on development

11. Who considered the environment cited by Lindon as ‘a set of nested structures, each inside the next, like a set of Russian Dolls’?

  • Bruner
  • Piaget
  • Bronfenbrenner
  • Vygotsky

12. The Biological/maturational theory of development proposes that?

  • Development takes place as a result of instructions laid down in the genes controlled and exerted by hormones.
  • Development takes place as a result of the influence of the environment on the growing child.
  • The environment and genetics work in equal co-operation to determine the outcomes of a child’s development.
  • Maturation is a process of self-regulation.

13. In Piaget’s stage theory what is the name of the stage children go through from the age of 0-2 years?

  • Sensorimotor
  • Preoperational
  • Concrete operational
  • Formal operational

14. DiFranza, Aligne and Weitzman 2004 state that?

  • When the children of smoking and non-smoking mothers reach school age the effects of smoking on height and weight are evident.
  • When the children of smoking and non-smoking mothers reach school age the effects of smoking on height and weight are minor.
  • When the children of smoking and non-smoking mothers reach school age the effects of smoking on height and weight are not evident.
  • At 3 years the brain is at 75% of its adult weight.

15. Negative reinforcement is what?

  • The process of strengthening behaviour by removal of an unpleasant stimulus
  • The process of strengthening behaviour by introducing an unpleasant stimulus
  • The process of strengthening a desired behaviour through use of punishment
  • The process of reducing a behaviour through use of punishment

16. Who devised the Maturational theory?

  • Albert Bandura
  • Jean Piaget
  • Arnold Gesell
  • Lev Vygotsky

17. What is the zone of proximal development?

  • A range of aspects which allow for development.
  • Rules regarding proximity which allow comfort ensuring learning can take place.
  • Identified by Vygotsky- the gap between what a child can do alone and what it can do with help from others.
  • Identified by Bruner- the gap between what a child can do alone and what it can do with help from others.

18. What are Piaget’s three sub processes related to schemas?

  • Assimilation, Accommodation and Equilibration
  • Adult, child and parent
  • Retrieval, evaluation and storing
  • Unoccupied, onlooker and solitary.

19. Which theorist was involved in the study with Bobo dolls and what theory is associated with it?

  • Skinner-operant conditioning
  • Vygotsky-zone of proximal development
  • Bandura- Social learning theory involving modelling
  • Pavlov-classical conditioning

20. Who believed that children actively seek to understand their environment rather than the environment shaping the child?

  • Piaget
  • Gesell
  • Bruner
  • Bronfenbrenner