Behaviourism and Interactionism - english

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what is the behaviourist theory?
B.F.Skinner - child learns language based on positive and negative reinforcement of ideas
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what should you look for in the exam?
caregivers repeating and reinforcing utterances made by the child
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what is the interactionaist theory?
a child is born tabula rasa ( a blank state) and learns language based on their interaction with caregivers
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what is child directed speech
process of talking to a child
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who is the main interactionaist?
Bruner
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what does he propose?
he created a LASS (language acquisition support system)
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what is the LASS meant to do?
designed to scaffold a child in learning language (structuring responses in order to help a child to use language more accurately)
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what term did Catherine snow coin?
'motherese' to describe the language used by mothers to talk to their children
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what is her argument?
language acquisition happens as a result of the interaction which takes place between the mother and her child
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what did John Snarey state?
fathers interact with their children in a different way to the way mothers do
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what does 'roughhousing' with the father do?
teaches that biting and kicking and other forms of violence are unacceptable and how to gain self-control
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what does John Snarey believe form part of the fatherese process?
-tickling, wrestling and throwing the child in the air
-chasing
-loud volume
-bouncing rather than cuddling and rough rather than gentle
-encouragement of competition
-promotion of independence over security
-less simplification of speech
-challenging th
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who did Bard and sachs study?
Jim whose parents were deaf
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what did they find?
jim was exposed to various uses f language like the TV and the radio, but he passed the critical period
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what is the critical period?
a tern coined by Lenneberg to denote the period f time in which a child best learns language. After passing this tie, a child will often struggle to acquire language
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what helped jim?
interactions with a speech therapist helped him acquire language
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what is recasting and reformulation?
caregiver repeats what child said containing anything missed and needed to make a grammatically standard utterance
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what is an example?
child - ball
caregiver responds - you want the ball?
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what is expansion?
caregiver makes utterance more complex by expanding on what they said
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what is an example
child - amy ran
caregiver - amy ran the race
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what are exaggerated prosodic cues?
exaggerating intonation, varying pitch and using higher intonations
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what is expatiation?
expressing what the child said giving more information
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example?
child - food hot
caregiver - the food is hot! we'll let it cool down first
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what is overarticulation?
caregiver stretches out vowel sounds in words
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exmple?
mummy's going to get a drink of teeeeeeea
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what rules did Rhoades believe are used?
-short and simple sentences which are melodic
-focus on what the child is doing
-repetition of what child and caregiver say
-pausing between words
-higher frequency of interrogatives and imperatives
-slower speech
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who invented the cooperative principles? (maxims)
Grice
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what are they?
-quantity
-quality
-relation
-manner
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what does the quantity maxim state?
contributions what does the maxim of quality smust carry enough info (not too much)
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what does the maxim of quality state?
contributions must be truthful
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what does the maxim of relation state?
contributions must be relevant and pertinent to discussion
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what does the maxim of manner state?
contributions must be clear and limit ambiguity
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in exam
may choose to bring in the ways in which caregivers try to influence a child to use these maxims
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what should you look for in the exam?

Back

caregivers repeating and reinforcing utterances made by the child

Card 3

Front

what is the interactionaist theory?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is child directed speech

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

who is the main interactionaist?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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