what do behaviourist theories explain depression as a result of?
environmental factors causing faulty learning which leads to set behavioural responses
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whar did Lewisohn (1974) say depression results from?
a lack of postivie reinforcement from the enviroment
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what is learned helplessness?
another behavioural explanation
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Maier and Seligman (1969)?
Dogs exposed to inescapable electric shocks learned to give up trying and didnt take up the opportunity to escape when they had it
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what does maier and seligman results of their study reflect?
symptoms of depression such as inabiltiy to initiate coping strategies.
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what did Abramson(1978) refine?
the behaviourist explanation to include a cognitive element
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who do people with maladaptive attributional style tend to blame for failures?
themselves
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what do people who arent depressed blame failure on?
external factors e.g temporary blip
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what does the cognitive approach explain depression in terms of?
faulty and irrational thought processes and perceptions
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what does the cognitive approach focus on?
maladaptive cognitions that underpin such maladaptive behaviour
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why does Beck (1987) believe people become depressed?
because the world is seen negatively through negative schemas
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when are negative schemas triggered?
whenever individuals are in situations that are similar to those in which negative schemas were learnt.
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when does Beck believe negative schemas are learnt?
developing in childhood and adolescence when authority figures place unreal demands on individuals and are highly critical of them
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what do negative schemas provide in adulthood?
a negative framework to view life in a pessimistic fashion
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what do cognitive distortions change ?
perceptions and trigger anxiety and negative emotions which in turn trigger behaviour consistent with symptoms of depression such as helplessness
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how did Beck develop his theory?
proposed that there are two types of schemas that operate in depression
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what is negative interpersonal schema?
a generalised representation of self-other relationships developed during childhood that may lead to unrealistic views of relationships such as needing to have everyone to like them
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what is schema based on personal achievement?
characterised by a failure to achieve goals. life events such as a string of unhappy experiences lead to the formulation of depressogenic schema - dysfunctional thoughts and beliefs
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what does this theory acknowledge?
that other aspects such as genes, development and early experieneces can lead to certain thinking patternns which leads to depression
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what does it fail to explain?
the root cause of depression or why people become sucidial
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
whar did Lewisohn (1974) say depression results from?
Back
a lack of postivie reinforcement from the enviroment
Card 3
Front
what is learned helplessness?
Back
Card 4
Front
Maier and Seligman (1969)?
Back
Card 5
Front
what does maier and seligman results of their study reflect?
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