Batch or Continuous ?

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  • Created by: Lily04
  • Created on: 10-06-17 17:46
Explain the continuous process and give two examples of chemicals made by this process.
If something is needed in large amounts it is usually made by continuous process. Production takes place day and night throughout the year, non-stop. Ammonia for fertilisers in the Haber Process and sulfuric acid in the Contact Process.
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Explain the Batch process and give an example of a product made in this way.
If something is needed in small amounts they are made using a batch process. Examples are pharmaceuticals (medical drugs) which are only made when they are needed.
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Give 3 differences between batch and continuous process
batch process makes a product on demand and on a small scale, it can be used to make a variety of products; its labour intensive. The continuous process make products on a large scale, dedicated to making just one product, they are run automatically
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Why is batch processing used to make drugs and not continuous?
Making very large batches of most pharmaceuticals is not done as drugs have a best before date and so cannot be stored for long.
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Why is continuous processing used for making chemicals such as ammonia and not the batch process?
A continuous plant is effective because it works at full capacity all the time to manufacture chemicals which have a very high demand.
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Why is the development of drugs expensive?
Materials needed- could be synthetic or natural, Research- development and testing can take many years, Labour- high qualified and high quantity of staff needed (not automated), energy costs, marketing and legal costs
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Describe how chemicals can be extracted from plants.
CRUSHING- plants are crushed to break the strong cell walls. BOILING-boiled so the chemicals can DISSOLVE. Different solvents are used to separate compounds using CHROMOTOGRAPHY
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What are the two types of raw materials used for drugs?
synthetic or extracted from plants
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How can purity be tested?
melting and boiling points and thin layer chromatography- If a compound is impure it will melt and boil over a range of temperatures; usually raising the boiling point and lowering the melting point.
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Why is difficult to test and develop new pharmaceutical drugs that are safe to use?
Research and development can take a few years, safety tests.- long term trials are needed to identify possible long term effects, need to prove its effective at a certain dosage, thousands of compounds are tested before an effective one is found.
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Complete the sentence: A pharmaceutical company may invest millions to develop one drug, but they may have a limited time to.....
recoup their investment before they lose exclusive rights to make medicine. If the number of people using the medicine is small, then the cost of buying the drug would be very high.
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Give and advantage and disadvantage of the batch process.
Batch processes are flexible- it is easy to change from making one compound to another. Disadvantage: Each batch has to be supervised, so labour costs are higher. Also, the time spent filling and emptying reaction vessels is time wasted-not efficient
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Give an advantage and disadvantage of the continuous process
the plant can be kept at optimum conditions- it takes less energy to maintain than it would to stop and start the process.What they make and how much cannot be changed easily- cost per tonne is very small as it employs few people.
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Why do new drugs need to be tested?
To make sure they work and to check they do not have serious side effects.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Explain the Batch process and give an example of a product made in this way.

Back

If something is needed in small amounts they are made using a batch process. Examples are pharmaceuticals (medical drugs) which are only made when they are needed.

Card 3

Front

Give 3 differences between batch and continuous process

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Why is batch processing used to make drugs and not continuous?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why is continuous processing used for making chemicals such as ammonia and not the batch process?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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