Basic Principles of Equine and Companion Animal Nutrition

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  • Created by: Alex
  • Created on: 02-05-13 11:27
Natural Feeding behaviour of a horse
Trickle feeder. Herbivore. Spends 16-18hrs eating low quality plant material. Eats 2.5-7% of bodyweight daily
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Natural feeding behaviour of Cats
12-20 meals daily. Strict carnivores.High quality food
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Natural feeidng behaviour of Dogs
Omnivore. Eats plant matter, large and small prey. Daily energy needs in one meal - 10-17% body weight in a sitting
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Horses Dentition
Incisors for Cutting. Pre-molars and molars for grinding
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Dogs Dentition
Incisors and canines for biting and tearing - meats. Molars for chewing
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Cat/Carnivore Dentition
Incisors- sharp & pointed (grasping and shredding). Canines- elongated (stabbing and tearing). Molars -flattened with jagged edges (serrated edge blades)
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Jaw Motion of a Carnivore
Wide mouth opening, Shearing Action(designed to cut flesh). Smoot cutting with minimal side to side motion
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Omnivore Jaw motion
Sheraing with minimal side to side action
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Human Jaw motion
No shearing. Good side-to-side and front-to-back motion
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Herbivore Jaw motion
No shearing. Good side-to-side and front-to-back motion
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Brachydont
Of teeth, having short crowns, well-developed roots, and narrow root canals; characteristic of humans
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Hypsodont
having high or deep crowns and short roots (as the molar teeth of a horse)
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Characteristics fo feeding production species
Main drivers for feed formulation - important how much kg produced per£. Fed as herd-not individually, Personality, behaviour & coat less important. Try to prevent diseases
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Characteristics for feeding pets
Not usually for work or production. designed with owner in mind - healthy looking, ease of feeding, costs, faecal quality & taste preferences. Feeding the individual animal.
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Characteristics of feeidng horses
Semi-Pets. Owner in mind. Working animal - fed usually individually for output/ability to perform
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Formulation for requirements - whats needed
Energy, protein, vitamins & minerals. Dependetn on lifestage and activity level
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Forula for amount needing to be fed
Requirement (Mj/day) / Energy concentration (mj/kg)
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Why cats can't be vegetarians
Taurine (amino-sulphuric acid) needed in life. Cats can't synthesise taurite from sulphur and it's not found in plants. Also can't convert Linoleic acid to arachidonic acid. Doesn't have Beta-carotene so needs dietary preformed Vitamin A.
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Cont
Can't convert Tryptophan to Niacin - Trp diverted down alternative pathway. also have niacin requirement 4x of dogs. Can't get from plants so need to eat meat
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Obesity Levels in Animals (% above normal)
Cats- 25% Horses - 16% Ponies - 40% Dogs - 24-38%
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Equine Gastric Ulcer Syndrome (EGUS)
in 90% of training racehorses. Due to increase in starch and energy rich food and decrease in fibre. Causes continuous HCl production - very painful
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Natural feeding behaviour of Cats

Back

12-20 meals daily. Strict carnivores.High quality food

Card 3

Front

Natural feeidng behaviour of Dogs

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Horses Dentition

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Dogs Dentition

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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