Balkans Quiz

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What was the name of the WEU Secretary- General
Van Eekelen
1 of 100
Who said "our credibility is zero because we are just not doing anything."
WEU Secretary General Van-Eekelen
2 of 100
What year were the Brioni Accords
1991
3 of 100
Who sponsored the Brioni Accords in 1991
The EU
4 of 100
Who coined term 'the hour of Europe' in 1991
Jacques Poos
5 of 100
What did Jacquees Poos call for in 1991
'The Hour of Europe'
6 of 100
How much UN humanitarian aid went to rival armies
40%
7 of 100
40% of UN Humnitarian Aid actually went towards what?
Feeding rival armies
8 of 100
How much funding did PHARE programme provide to BandH and when
$1bn 1996-99
9 of 100
What does EUPM stand for
EU Police Mission
10 of 100
When was EUPM deployed
Jan 2003
11 of 100
By 2000 how much was the holding op in BandH costing
€9bn/year
12 of 100
How many NATO troops involved in operation Essential harvest?
4000
13 of 100
Where was Operation Allied Force
Kosobo
14 of 100
What did Operation Allied Force Reveal about EU
EU capability deficits and technology gap
15 of 100
What was stated at the Thessaloniki Declaration 2003
The future of the balkans is within the European Union... The speed of movement ahead lies in hands of the countries in the region'
16 of 100
Western Balkans Population = ?
22 Million
17 of 100
What did 2006 Montenegro referendum on independence find
55% for independence 45% against
18 of 100
Why is Kosovo regarded as an Unviable microstate
It has a €1.6bn trade deficit which equates to 42.9% of GDP
19 of 100
What were Commission President Delors' Three Key Tools in Balkans
Economic Sanctions, Public Opinion and Potential Recognition of Breakaway Republics
20 of 100
What does ECMM stand for
European Community Monitoring Mission
21 of 100
What was a successful act of EU and its MS
Withdrawing all diplomats from Belgrade and expelling Serbia from Conference on Security & Coop in Europe
22 of 100
Name some problems in the Balks
Expectation raising hubris, intra-institutional wrangling, Budget lines, MS discord, Weak coordination with other security actors, transatlantic relations
23 of 100
What is Marsh and Rees' view of EU involvement of Yugoslav war
'The EU arguably precipitated Yugoslavia's descent into civil war.'
24 of 100
What did WEU SG Van Eeklen say about Balkans
'Our credibility has fallen very low in the Balkans... we are looking for the US to take the lead again.'
25 of 100
What was the Vance Owen Peace Plan
Superseded the Carrington Commission. A jointly run EC-UN int. conference
26 of 100
What was the main argument about ECMM
funding: where should the $48mn come from
27 of 100
What did UK accuse French President Mitterrand of in 1992
'Playing "cavalier seul" ' by going to Sarajevo alone to break siege
28 of 100
What undermined UN/EU arms embargoes
Covert German, US and allied military aids and materials to Croatia and muslim Bosnia
29 of 100
Who put a unilateral trade embargo on FYROM in 1994
Greece
30 of 100
What effect did Greece's embargo on FYROM have in 1994
Effectively blocked FYROM from all EU imports as port of Thessaloniki is blocked.
31 of 100
Which states declared independence in 1991
Croatia and Slovenia
32 of 100
Which country did France preffer to work with in Balkans crises
Serbia
33 of 100
What was conservative government accused of in 1994
Serbophilia
34 of 100
Which two nations agreed about maintaining the Sovereign territory of Yugoslavia
Britain and France
35 of 100
Which countries supported maintenance of Yugoslav federation
Britain, France, Greece, Spain
36 of 100
Which Helskini Final Act principles did they rely on
iii) inviolability of borders IV) territorial integrity and VI) non-intervention in internal affairs of another sovereign nation
37 of 100
Which country was sympathetic towards independence
Germany
38 of 100
Why was Germany sympathetic towards calls for independence
Influenced by its croatian community, 50% investment in the region, Bavaria had close ties through the Alpe-Adris assoc. German reunification
39 of 100
Which Helsinki principle did Germany rely on
VIII - right to self determination
40 of 100
What did Germany do
Unilaterally recognised independence of Croatia and Slovenia (irrespective of commitments made to maastricht and CFSP)
41 of 100
What was the name of the EU committee tasked with overseeing declaration of independence
Badinter Committee
42 of 100
What did the Badinter Committee find in the case of Croatia
Croatia did not have an adequate safeguard for minority rights and HR
43 of 100
What rendered Badinter Committee's findings towards Croatia academic
Germany's unilateral recognition of their independence
44 of 100
What did Badinter Committee find in the case of B and H
failed to satisfy the criteria but was granted recognition
45 of 100
What did the Badinter committee find in the case of FYROM
It met the recognition criteria but was blocked by a veto from Greece (over FYROMs claims to territory in Greek macedonia)
46 of 100
Why were London/Paris divided over decision to apply force
UK did not want to give way to France's desire to weaken NATO
47 of 100
What was NATO Op-plan 40-104
Contingency plan to remove UNPROFOR troops. US commits 20k troops
48 of 100
How many troops did US committ to NATO Op Plan 40-104
20k
49 of 100
What was agreed at Dayton Settlement/Accords
High rep would look after B and H, OSCE would look after arms control, Nato provides troop on the ground but EU just confined to economic mission.
50 of 100
Where was Operation Alba
Albania
51 of 100
Who lead the mission in Operation Alba
Italy
52 of 100
What was Operation Alba
7k strong protection force to safeguard supplies and re-establish police force in Albania
53 of 100
Why was military intervention in Kosovo much quicker
Fear of Dayton accords unravelling, Already troops in the region, Milosevic as identifiable aggressor and murder of 25 civilians in Kosovo.
54 of 100
Where/who did leading EU MS look to in Kosovo
The Quint
55 of 100
Who provided a 78 day air assault in Kosovo
NATO
56 of 100
What did NATO provide in Kosovo
78 day air assault
57 of 100
What was UN mission in Kosovo
UNMIK
58 of 100
What was NATO mission in Kosovo
KFOR
59 of 100
What recognises Kosovo as part of Sovereign Fed of Yugoslavia
UNSC Res 1244
60 of 100
What is so shocking about US air missions
US Air Force flew 65.9% in Op Deliberate Force and 79% in Op Allied Force
61 of 100
Where were Operations Deliberate Force and Allied Force
Kosovo
62 of 100
What is so shocking about EU/NATO troop contribution
Only 40k in Kosovo and 50k in wider Balkans committed out of potential 2mn.
63 of 100
What is the famous Pentagon Officials Quote
If anyone thinks that the US is ever going to use the North Atlantic Council.. to run another major military campaign, they must be smoking pot.'
64 of 100
Who raced the NATO/EU/UN to Pristina airport in 1999
Russia
65 of 100
What did the European Commission introduce in 1995
Regional Approach
66 of 100
What did EC Regional Approach provide in 1995
Financial and 1st Generation Contractual Agreements
67 of 100
What was implemented in 1996
OBNOVA
68 of 100
What was OBNOVA 1996
Council's programme of assistance to B and H, Croatia, FYROM, Serbia and Montenegro
69 of 100
How did PHARE supplement OBNOVA
Gave $1bn between 1996-9
70 of 100
What did the French initiate
Royaumont Process
71 of 100
What was Royaumont Process
stability and good neighbourliness project- brought balkans together with EU, OSCE, UN, CoE, US, Turkey and Russia
72 of 100
What incorporated the Royaumont Process in 1999
The Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe
73 of 100
What does SAP stand for
Stabilisation and Association Process
74 of 100
What do Marsh and Rees say about SAP
'Most important EU initiative'
75 of 100
When was SAP initiated and by who
1999 by the Commission
76 of 100
What was so significant about SAP
conferred membership perspective on Balkan States
77 of 100
What are the phases of SAP
1) free trade area + support for institutions to EU standards. 2) Once economic and political stability gained, countries enter SAA (effectively European Agreement)
78 of 100
What is economic and political stability to Sperling and Kirchner
the Sine Qua Non of security and stability for the EU
79 of 100
What replaced OBNOVA and PHARE in 2000
CARDS
80 of 100
What did CARDS establish
single framework for assistance to Balkan region
81 of 100
What agency was set up
European Agency for Reconstruction
82 of 100
What was EU amount of financial assistance to EU and Turkey 2007-11
€7.58bn
83 of 100
how much did CARDS provide to Balkans 2004-6
€4.6bn
84 of 100
What else was launched in 2007
Visa facilitation agreements
85 of 100
What was to happen to civil society funding post 2010
It would be trippled
86 of 100
What took over from SFOR in 2004
EUFOR Althea
87 of 100
What was EUPM and when was it launched
EU Police Mission 2003
88 of 100
What did Solana broker in 2002
Deal where Serbia and Montenegro would be the lose union within Yugoslav Federation
89 of 100
What was montenegro given
3 year opt out
90 of 100
What was agreed in FYROM in 2001
OHRID FRAMEWORK AGREEMENT
91 of 100
What was Ohrid Framework Agreement
Prevented full scale war in FYROM by bringing together ethnic groups for talks
92 of 100
What did EU do at end of OP Essential Harvest
Used CARDS funding +help of OSCE to provide peace monitors under protection of NATO Op Fox
93 of 100
What operation was Launched in 2003
Operation Concordia
94 of 100
What was operation concordia
NATO/EU venture to secure FYROM and allow Ohrid agreements to flourish
95 of 100
When did Kosovo declare indepdendence
Feb 08
96 of 100
What happened once independence declared
Kosovo became an EU rather than UN protectorae
97 of 100
What was EU financial commitment in Kosovo
€1bn
98 of 100
What did investment come in form of
TAIEX, EULEX Kosovo, International civilian mission and Liason Office
99 of 100
What is important about UNSC Res 1244 regarding EU
It has reaffirmed its commitment to Kosovo's membership potential.
100 of 100

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Who said "our credibility is zero because we are just not doing anything."

Back

WEU Secretary General Van-Eekelen

Card 3

Front

What year were the Brioni Accords

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Who sponsored the Brioni Accords in 1991

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Who coined term 'the hour of Europe' in 1991

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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