Badura et al

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How is the present study unique from other studies?
It proves that behavior learned by observing a model is imitation in other generalized situations in the absence of the model.
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Hypothesis no 1:
Participants exposed to aggressive models would readily imitate aggression as compared to both those exposed to non aggressive and control group.
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Hypothesis
As compared to the non aggressive participants, the control participants are more likely to portray aggressive behavior.
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Hypothesis regarding sex
Participants are more likely to imitate the behavior of the same sex model as compared to a model of the opp sex.
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Why was the model of the same sex imitated readily?
Because of reinforcement studies since parents encourage same sex behavior and discourage behavior that is associated with the opposite sex.
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Agression and sex
Since aggression is regarded as a masculine behavior, boys will be more likely to imitate aggressive behavior.
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Describe the subjects
Subjects were 36 girls and 36 boys enrolled in the stanford University school, ranging from 37 to 69 months.
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How was participation divided?
24 participants were selected as control groups, the remaining 48 participants were divided in 8 experiemental groups of 6 each. 4 exposed to agg 4 to N.Agg and 3 to female and 3 to male
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Why was the matched pair design used?
The participants agressivness as a trait would effect his readiness to imitate aggression and so participants were matched on the basis of the aggression they showed in the nursery school by experimenter and teacher
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How was the aggression measured?
A 4 to five point scale for each verbal, physical, aggression towards inanimate objects and aggression inhibition. 51 subjects were rated independently by both experimenters and the inter rater reliability was 0.89 participants were arranged in a 3.
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What toys were the kids given to play with?
Kids were given potato prints and stickers of multi colored objects such as flowers, animals and western figures. The potato picture has a high rate of interest for children.
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Why were novel patterns of imitation used?
The experimenter could only be sure that the behavior was imitated from the model if the patterns of aggression were unique of the everyday environment.
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Describe the aggressive acts
Turns bobo doll on its side and sits on it to hit it on the nose. Raised the bobo doll and struck it with a mallet kicked it around aggressively in the room. (3 times)
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What were the aggressive comments
Hit him down, sock him in the nose, throw him in the air, pow!
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Describe the non aggressive comments
He surely is a tough fella, he keeps coming back for more. Observation was on covert basis. (10 mins)
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Why was an aggression arousal used?
Studies have proved that participants exposed to an aggressive model are unlikely to perform aggression themselves. Therefore, an instigation arousal was necessary.
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Why was the aggression arousal used for the non aggressive participants?
For non aggressive participants if they did not perform aggression after aggression arousal, an inhibitory process would be indicated.
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Name the toys in the aggressive arousal room
A cable car, baby doll set with crib and wardrobe and carriage, a jet fighter plane and a colorful spinning top.
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How were the participants instigated
When participants got comfortable with the toys after two minutes, the experimenter said these were her best toys and she kept them for other children.
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Why was the presence of a experimenter essential
Participants could refuse to stay alone or leave. The experimenter engaged herself in paperwork.
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What was imitative physical aggression
Turning the doll on the side and punching it on the nose, striking doll with mallet, tossing it in the air and kicking it.
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What was the verbal aggression
Sock him, kick him. hit him down, pow!
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What was non aggressive verbal imitation
He surely is a tough fella! He keeps coming back for more.
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What was partially imitative behavior.
When participants did not imitate the entire act or aggressed towards an object other than the bobo doll.
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What was mallet aggression
When participants striked objects other than the bobo doll with the mallet.
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Sits on bobo doll.
Turns bobo doll and sits on it but does not aggress towards it.
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Punches bobo doll.
Subjects strikes, hits or slaps the bobo doll.
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Non imitative physical or verbal aggression
Aggression towards objects other than the bobo doll and verbal responses that are not imitative such as shoot the bobo, cut him, biting
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What was aggressive gun play?
Darts the ball and fires imaginary shots at the bobo doll.
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Describe the results for the contol and non aggressive group
Almost 70% of the participants showed no aggression in the contol and non aggressive groups.
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Describe the differences in girls and boys
Boys were more likely to show physical aggression but there was no difference in verbal aggression. Girls exposed to the F performed more non imitative and imitative verbal agg.
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Describe differences between control group and non aggressive group
The control group performed more mallet aggression.
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Describe findings regarding non aggressive behavior.
female subjects spent more time coloring, playing with the tea set and dolls. Time did not differ with animals or tether balls.
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What is the surprising findings regarding the non aggressive subjects
Non aggressive subjects sat quietly without touching any of the material twice when compared to aggressive subjects.
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What causes more imitation from the male model
It is the maleness or the femaleness of the model that causes greater imitation rather than any other personal trait but direct observation is not available.
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What comments were made regarding sex
Who is that lady? Thats not the way for a lady to behave. She was acting like a man The boy was a fighter, he was a fighter like daddy.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Hypothesis no 1:

Back

Participants exposed to aggressive models would readily imitate aggression as compared to both those exposed to non aggressive and control group.

Card 3

Front

Hypothesis

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Hypothesis regarding sex

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why was the model of the same sex imitated readily?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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