BA Morphology

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What are the 5 types of words?
Orthographic, Morphological, Phonological, Syntactic, Lexical
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How do we define 'Affixes'?
Affixes are bound morphemes that don't realise a lexeme. They have to be attached to something else. Don't make sense on their own.
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What are the 4 types of Affix?
Prefix, Infix, Suffix and Circumfix
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What is a 'lexeme'?
One single unit of meaning. Each meaning of one word is considered a separate lexeme. 'reapply', 'apply' and 'application' are individual lexemes as they have different meanings. 'applied' and 'applying' are same lexeme.
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What is a morpheme?
The smallest unit of grammatical function. Each morpheme in a word has a distinct semantic or grammatical meaning.
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What are the two types of morpheme?
Free (realises a lexeme and can occur on its own). Bound (must be attached to a root or stem. Doesn't have meaning on its own.)
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What is a 'Root'?
Realise lexemes and cannot be analysed further. Come as free or bound.
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What is 'Derivational Morphology'?
Produces a new lexeme from an old lexeme. Forms a new word from an existing word. Usually involves affixation.
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What is 'Inflectional Morphology'?
Various forms of the same lexeme. Changes the grammatical function, doesn't create a new definition.
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What is a 'Stem'?
A root that already has derivational morphology attached but hasn't been inflected.
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What is Allomorphy?
The idea that one morpheme has different realisations based on the context. Aka sounds different or spelt different depending where it appears. Allomorphs vary in sound but not meaning.
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What are the 3 ways Allomorphy can be conditioned?
1. The Environment (Phonologically). 2. Lexical Idiosyncrasies (Lexically). Grammatical Features (Morphologically)
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What is 'Suppletion'?
When the allomorph sounds nothing like the others.
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What are the 12 main ways of creating words?
Affixation, Internal Modification, Template Morphology, English Final Consonant Voicing, Reduplication, Compounding, Exocentric Compounds, Endocentric Compounds, Back Formation, Blends, Acronyms and Shortening/Clipping.
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What is the difference between 'Umlaut' and 'Ablaut'?
Umlaut - vowel moves from back to front. Ablaut - Vowel moving front to back.
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What is 'Exocentric Compounding'?
When the meaning has little relation to the meaning of head word.
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What is 'Endocentric Compounding'?
When the meaning relates to the head word.
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What is 'Back Formation'?
When a verb is formed from a noun.
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What are the 4 ways we can classify languages?
1. Isolating. 2. Agglutinating. 3. Fusional/Inflectional. 4. Polysynthetic
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What are the main features of an Isolating language?
Each word is one free morpheme. Languages like Vietnamese. No affixation. No derivational morphology.
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Describe Template Morphology.
Languages like Arabic and Hebrew. When consonants are used aqs a template and other letters are placed in between to make words relating in meaning.
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What are the main features of an Agglutinating language?
Lots of affixation and lots of morphemes. Really long words.
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What are the main features of a Fusional/Inflectional language?
Grammatical changes made by inflection. Single morphemes can hold lots of grammatical meaning.
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What are the main features of a Polysynthetic language?
One word may function as an entire sentence. Incorporates features from both agglutinating languages and fusional.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How do we define 'Affixes'?

Back

Affixes are bound morphemes that don't realise a lexeme. They have to be attached to something else. Don't make sense on their own.

Card 3

Front

What are the 4 types of Affix?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is a 'lexeme'?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is a morpheme?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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