B9, Respiration.

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  • Created by: cieran_10
  • Created on: 15-02-18 23:58
When does aerobic respiration take place in animals and in plants?
All the time.
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What type of reaction is aerobic respiration and why?
Exothermic; they glucose and oxygen are used to transfer energy.
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What is the energy transferred from respiration used for?
To fuel living processes.
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What are the two waste products of respiration?
Carbon dioxide and water.
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Where do most of the respiration reactions occur?
In the mitochondria.
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What is respiration controlled by?
Enzymes.
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What are the reactant of aerobic respiration?
Glucose and oxygen.
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What is the chemical formula of glucose?
C6H12O6.
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What are the balancing numbers for the chemical equation for respiration?
0,6,6,6.
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Give the five uses of the energy transferred by the respiration process.
To build larger molecules from smaller ones, to enable muscle contraction to occur in animals, to maintain a constant body temperature in certain colder environments for mammals and birds.
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Continued...
To move materials (such as: mineral ions) into cells using active transport and to build sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids and proteins for plants.
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What else can the limewater and carbon dioxide test be used for, in terms of an investigation into respiration?
To detect a rise in temperature, when respiration is occurring.
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What is the function of the cytoplasm, in term of respiration? (2.)
It is the location where the respiration enzymes are made and anaerobic reactions take place.
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What is the function of the nucleus, in term of respiration?
To hold the genetic code needed create and control respiration enzymes.
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What is the function of the mitochondrion, in term of respiration?
To contain the enzymes needed for aerobic respiration.
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What is the function of the cell membrane, in term of respiration? (2.)
To allow gases and water to pass freely into and out of the cell before and after respiration reactions. It also controls the passage of other molecules.
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Why do muscles contract when a person exercises?
As they need more energy.
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What does a person need to do for their muscles when they are exercising?
They must increase the rate that oxygen and glucose reach the muscle cells, for anaerobic respiration to occur.
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What does a person's body need to do after any respiration to occur?
Remove carbon dioxide well; there would be an excess of it, especially after a faster rate of respiration when exercising.
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What are the products of anaerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide, water and energy transferred to the environment/body.
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What are the reactants of aerobic respiration?
Glucose and oxygen.
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What happens to heart rate and the blood vessels when a person exercises?
It increases and the blood vessels dilate/widen.
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What does this allow to happen?
This allows blood, which contains oxygen and glucose, to reach the muscles.
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What in terms of breathing, happens when a person exercises and what two things does this allow?
It becomes deeper, to allow more oxygen to be took up and more carbon dioxide to be realised from the body, to avoid poisoning.
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What do muscles store glucose as and why?
Glycogen, so it can be converted back into glucose for use when a person exercises.
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For a fit person, is their blood pumped out of the heart for each beat at rest lower for higher than that of an unfit person?
Higher than an unfit person.
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For a fit person, is their heart volume at rest lower or higher than that of an unfit person?
Higher than an unfit person.
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For a fit person, is their resting breathing rate lower or higher than that of an unfit person?
Lower than an unfit person.
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For a fit person, is their resting pulse rate lower or higher than that of an unfit person?
Lower than an unfit person.
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What happens when muscles become fatigued?
They stop contracting efficiently.
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Why does anaerobic respiration occur?
As there is little oxygen for the body to respire aerobically; a person does not breathe deep enough to get oxygen for the repsiation.
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Why is lactic acid produced by anaerobic respiration?
As the glucose is not completely broken down.
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Is more energy transferred to the surroundings/body by anaerobic respiration?
No, it is less energy.
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What does blood flowing through muscles do after anaerobic respiration?
Remove the lactic acid.
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What two things are produced by the breakdown of lactic acid?
Carbon dioxide and water.
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Why must lactic acid be broken down by the oxygen debt?
To ensure that there is no pain in the muscles, caused by the lactic acid.
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What do plant and yeast cells produces asa a result of anaerobic respiration?
Ethanol and carbon dioxide.
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What else does this process produce?
Energy transferred to the surroundings.
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What is the chemical formula of ethanol?
C2H5OH.
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What is anaerobic respiration in yeast cells called?
Fermentation.
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In what industry can microorganisms respiring anaerobically be used when they are producing lactic acid?
The yogurt making industry.
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What is the metabolism?
It is the sum of an organism's reactions in its cells and in its body as a whole.
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Give the 4 metabolic reactions that involve the conversion of small molecules into larger ones.
Glucose into starch, glycogen or cellulose; fatty acids and glycerol into lipids; glucose and nitrate ions into amino acids and amino acids into protein.
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What other three metabolic reactions are common?
Respiration, photosynthesising the breakdown of excess proteins in the liver to form urea.
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What do mammals and birds use the energy from respiration for?
To maintain a constant body temperature.
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What is the process of deamination in the liver?
When excess amino acids are changed into urea.
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What happens during the process of deamination? (3.)
The amino group is removed from the amino acids, then toxic ammonia, which is finally converted into urea to be excreted through the genitals.
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How does the urea get to the final stage of excretion?
By it passing through the blood, to the kidneys and is finally excreted.
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What are done to old red blood cells when in the liver? (2.)
They are broken down into iron, to then make new red blood cells.
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Where is lactic acid transported to and how?
To the liver, via the blood.
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What happens to lactic acid in the liver?
It is converted into glucose.
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When is oxygen debt repaid? (2.)
Once the lactic acid is converted into glucose fully and once this had then been converted into carbon dioxide and water by aerobic respiration.
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What happens to the excess glucose in the liver?
It is stored as glycogen in the liver.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What type of reaction is aerobic respiration and why?

Back

Exothermic; they glucose and oxygen are used to transfer energy.

Card 3

Front

What is the energy transferred from respiration used for?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the two waste products of respiration?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Where do most of the respiration reactions occur?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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