antibodies that are produced from clones (genetically identical copies) of cells (often white blood cells), theyre identical and complementary to one type of antigen/binding site therefore ma target specific chemicals or cells in the body
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use of mon. antibodies in pregnancy tests
pregnant women produce a hormone called HCG, monoclonal antibodies are used in pregnancy tests to bind to the HCG hormone's antigens, if the urine contains HCG, antibodies bind=preggers
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use of mon. antibodies for identifying chemicals in the blood
to identify levels of hormones in blood, to identify particular molecules of tissue/cells by binding them with a fluorescent dye, to test blood samples for pathogens like HIV
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immune system
human defence system, made up of different white blood cells with different functions
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When is the immune system activated?
when a pathogen passes the non specific defences
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antitoxins
some bacteria produce toxins that can damage cells and tissues , immune system responds by producing antitoxins which neutralise the toxins released by bacteria and prevent them from causing harm
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Phagocytosis
when a white blood cell finds a pathogen and engulfs it by changing shape, white blood cell ingests/absorbs and digests it = destroying it
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
pregnant women produce a hormone called HCG, monoclonal antibodies are used in pregnancy tests to bind to the HCG hormone's antigens, if the urine contains HCG, antibodies bind=preggers
Back
use of mon. antibodies in pregnancy tests
Card 3
Front
to identify levels of hormones in blood, to identify particular molecules of tissue/cells by binding them with a fluorescent dye, to test blood samples for pathogens like HIV
Back
Card 4
Front
human defence system, made up of different white blood cells with different functions
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