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What is a stimulus?
A stimulus is a change in the environment of an organism.
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What are receptors?
Receptors are sensory cells to detect stimuli.
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Name two parts of the central nervous system.
The two parts of the central nervous system consist of the brain and spinal cord.
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What is the function of motor neurones?
The function of the motor neurones is to carry impulses from the central nervous system to effectors (muscles, glands).
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What is the function of the sensory neurones?
The function of the sensory neurones is to carry impulses from receptors to the central nervous system.
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What is the function of the fatty sheath that surrounds the axon of a neurone?
The fatty sheath insulates the axon, preventing the electricity leaking out and allowing the impulses to travel faster.
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How are nerve impulses carried across the synapse?
Transmitter chemicals carry the nerve impulses across the synapse by diffusion.
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How are reflex actions helpful to the body?
Many reflex actions protect the body from harm.
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In a reflex arc what passes the message from the sensory neurone to the motor neurone?
In a reflex arc the relay neurone passes the message from the sensory neurone to the motor neurone.
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Which part of the brain is mainly concerned with intelligence, memory, language and consciousness?
The cerebral cortex is mainly concerned with intelligence, memory, language and consciousness.
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Explain how studying people with brain damage can help scientists to identify the particular functions of different regions of the brain.
If an area of the brain has been damaged e.g. by stroke and the person has difficulty speaking then we know that area of the brain is associated with speech.
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How is a conditioned reflex different to a normal reflex?
A conditioned reflex is different to a normal reflex because it has to be learnt e.g. Pavlov's dogs learned that when they hear a bell ringing it is time for food.
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Explain how a conditioned reflex can develop in response to this and increase an organism's chance of survival.
If a bird eats a brightly coloured caterpillar and they become ill due to the caterpillar being poisonous, the bird will learn to avoid them in future, thus increasing the bird's chances of survival.
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Why did the evolution of a larger brain give early humans a better chance of survival?
The evolution of a larger brain gave early human a better chance of survival because it gave them a greater capacity to learn.
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Explain how some skills can be learned through repetition.
Some skills can be learned through repetition because when experiences are repeated over and over again, the pathways that the nerve impulses travel along become strengthened.
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What is meant by a critical age for language development?
Children learn language from listening to adults. In rare cases children do not hear speech and do not develop language themselves. It is believed when they reach the critical age of 10, it is too late for them to learn speech.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are receptors?

Back

Receptors are sensory cells to detect stimuli.

Card 3

Front

Name two parts of the central nervous system.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the function of motor neurones?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the function of the sensory neurones?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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