B5a - Skeletons

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  • Created by: Sam Downs
  • Created on: 05-06-13 17:02
Why is an internal skeleton advantageous compared with an external skeleton?
It can easily grow with the body, it't easy to attach muscles to it, it's more flexible than an exoskeleton and it gives the body support and provides a framework.
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Are bones and cartilage living or dead tissue?
Bones and cartilage are LIVING tissue
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Describe the structure of a long bone
Made up of the head, covered in cartilage and a shaft containing bone marrow with blood vessels.
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Explain why long bones that are hollow are advantageous, in terms of weight and strength.
The fact that they are hollow makes them lighter than solid bones of the same size, and stronger than solid bones of the same mass. This makes movement more efficient.
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(H) Cartilage and bone are susceptible to ___________ but can grow and ________ themselves.
Cartilage and bone are susceptible to infection but can grow and repair themselves.
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(H) Describe the process of ossification.
In humans, the skeleton starts off as cartilage but is ossified: cartilage is slowly replaced by the addition of calcium and phosphorus.
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(H) Whether a person is still growing can be determined by the amount of ________ present.
Cartilage
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Despite being very strong, bones can easily be _________ by a sharp knock.
Despite being very strong, bones can easily be broken by a sharp knock.
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Explain why elderly people are more prone to fractures.
Elderly people are more prone to fractures as they often suffer from Osteoporosis, which makes the bones softer, more brittle and more likely to break.
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(H) Explain why it can be dangerous to move a person with a suspected fracture.
A broken bone can injure near by tissue, especially if for spinal fractures as it could damage the spinal chord leading to paralysis.
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Describe the structure of a synovial joint.
It is made up of synovial fluid, synovial membrane, ligaments and cartilage.
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Describe the types and range of movement in a ball and socket joint.
The joint can move in all directions and rotate (e.g the hip or shoulder)
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Describe the types and range of movement in a hinge joint.
The joint can go backwards and forwards but NOT side to side (e.g the knee or elbow)
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Explain the functions in a synovial joint of: • synovial fluid • synovial membrane • cartilage • ligaments.
The synovial fluid lubricates the joints. The synovial membrane releases synovial fluid. Cartilage stops bones rubbing together and acts as a shock absorber. Ligaments hold the bone to the synovial joint.
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Describe how the biceps and triceps mucles operate to bend or straighten the arm.
When the bicep contracts it pulls the lower arm upwards, this bends the arm. When the triceps contracts the lower arm is pulled back down, this straightens the arm. The triceps and biceps are an antagonistic pair of muscles.
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Explain how the arm bending and straightening is an example of a lever.
The arm bends and straightens due to the elbow being a pivot (fulcrum)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Are bones and cartilage living or dead tissue?

Back

Bones and cartilage are LIVING tissue

Card 3

Front

Describe the structure of a long bone

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Explain why long bones that are hollow are advantageous, in terms of weight and strength.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

(H) Cartilage and bone are susceptible to ___________ but can grow and ________ themselves.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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