B5 - Quick Fire Flashcards

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What shape is a DNA strand?
A double helix of paired bases.
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What are the small units of DNA called?
Nucleotides.
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What are the names of the four bases?
Adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine.
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What are the two combinations of base pairs?
A - T and C - G
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What is a gene?
A section of DNA that contains the instructions for a particular protein.
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What are proteins made from?
Amino acids.
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What is the term for the three bases that code for each amino acid?
Triplet.
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Where are proteins made?
Ribosomes.
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How does the DNA get to the ribosome?
It's copied into messenger RNA which can fit out of the nucleus.
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Explain how DNA is transcribed into messenger RNA.
1. The two DNA strands unzip. A molecule of mRNA is made using a strand of DNA as a template. 2. the mRNA molecule moves out of the nucleus and joins with a ribosme in the cytoplasm. 3. The job of a ribosome is to stick amino acids together.
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What do adults need new cells for?
Growth and repair.
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What is mitosis?
Cell division which creates genetically identical cells.
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How many phases does mitosis have?
Five.
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How many chromosomes does a gamete have?
23.
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How many chromosomes does a normal cell have?
46.
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What is the term for the cell produced when two gametes combine?
Zygote.
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What is the process that makes gametes called?
Meiosis.
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How many divisions does meiosis involve?
Two.
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Name two places meiosis occurs.
Ovaries and testes.
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What do we call a cell that has the ability to turn into ANY type of body cell?
Undifferentiated or stem cells.
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Where can adult stem cells found?
Bone marrow.
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Why are embryonic stem cells more useful than adult stem cells?
Adult stem cells can only differentiate into certain types of cells. Embryonic cells can turn into any cell.
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At which stage in development does an embryo start to differentiate it's cells?
When it reaches eight cells.
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Why is embryonic stem cell research governed by ethics?
The embryos used to provide the stem cells are destroyed and they could have become a person.
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Explain how we can use cloning to make stem cells.
A nucleus from a body cell is put into an empty egg cell. Inactive genes can the be reactivated so that an embryo forms. Stem cells can then be extracted from the embryo.
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What is an undifferentiated cell?
A cell that can be transformed into any other cell.
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What are the cells at the tip of a plant shoot called?
Meristem cells
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Explain how rooting powder helps a plant cutting grow.
Rooting powder contains plant hormones called auxins.
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Define phototrophism.
The ability for plants to grow towards the light.
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If light shines on the left of a plant, which direction does the plant grow?
To the left.
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Do auxins move toward or away from light to stimulate plant growth?
Away.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the small units of DNA called?

Back

Nucleotides.

Card 3

Front

What are the names of the four bases?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the two combinations of base pairs?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is a gene?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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