A gene is a section of DNA that contains the intructions for one particular proteins
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Describe how the order of bases in a gene determines what proteins is made
Cells make proteins by joining together amino acids together in a particular order. The order of bases in a gene tells the cell what order to put the amino acids
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What is the messenger RNA used for?
mRNA is a single, shorter, similar strand of DNA. It takes information from the DNA to the ribosome by taking a copy of DNA to it to make proteins in the cytoplasm
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What is the name of the cell produced when 2 gametes combine?
A zygote
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How are the stem cells in an embryo different from the stem cells in an adult?
Adult stem cells are only found in certains places like bone marrow. They aren't as versatile as embryonic stem cells and can only differentiate into ceratin types of cell
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What determines the type of cell a stem cell becomes?
Stem cells can switch on any gene during their development. Th genes that are active determine the type of cell a stem cell specialises into
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Describe how cloning could be used to make embryonic stem cells?
A nucleus from a body cell of the adult you're cloning inserted into an 'empty' egg cell. Under right conds, inactive genes in nucleus can be reactivated> embryo forms - embryonic stem cells extracted
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What is the name given to the part of the plants where mitotically active cells are found?
Plant tissue called Meristems
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Name 2 types of tissue that the unspecialised cells in plants can turn into?
Xylem and Phloem
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What is a cutting and what will it grow into?
Cuttings is a growing area of the plant containing unspecialised meristem cells that's been cut off and will be a clone of the parent plant
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What can be added to soil to encourage cuttings to grow roots?
Rooting powder containing auxins
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What is phototropism?
Phototropism is growth towards or away from the light
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What is negative phototropism?
When roots grow away from the light, down into the soil where they can absorb water & nutrients the plant needs for healthy growth
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Explain how auxins cause plant shoots to grow towards the light.
Auxins accumulates on the shaded side of the plant. This makes the cells elongate faster on the shaded side, so the shoot grows towards the light
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What is positive phototropism?
When leaves grow towards the sunlight for photosynthesis to produce food they need for energy and growth. Without sunlight, they can't photosynthesise
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is a gene?
Back
A gene is a section of DNA that contains the intructions for one particular proteins
Card 3
Front
Describe how the order of bases in a gene determines what proteins is made
Back
Card 4
Front
What is the messenger RNA used for?
Back
Card 5
Front
What is the name of the cell produced when 2 gametes combine?
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