B5: Classification OCR Gateway (9-1)

?
  • Created by: Aleena
  • Created on: 27-03-18 20:18
What is Classification?
Organising living organisms into groups
1 of 35
How do you classify and group living organisms?
By comparing the similarities and differences between them
2 of 35
What are the 2 types of classification systems?
Artificial & Natural
3 of 35
What is the basis of artificial classification system?
It uses observable features to group living organisms- things you can see e.g.if something fly or lay eggs
4 of 35
Early classification systems used which of the two types of systems?
artificial
5 of 35
What is the use of artificial classification system now?
Scientists use it as a key to identify and group organisms. But it is no longer seen as the best method to classify organisms with.
6 of 35
What is the basis for Natural classification system?
It groups living organisms based on its evolutionary relationships-so, by looking at common ancestors and common structural features
7 of 35
Give an example in terms of bats and humans?
Bats + Humans = lots of differences but bat wing structure is similar to human hand- so human + bats are in same group
8 of 35
How many kingdoms are there?
5 kingdoms
9 of 35
What are their names?
Animals,Plants,Fungi,Protists and Prokaryotes
10 of 35
What characteristics do the Animal kingdom have?
1)All multi-cellular animals 2) capable of complex movements 3) heterotrophic 4)Store carbohydrates/sugar as glycogen 5) have nervous coordination
11 of 35
What characteristics do the Plant kingdom have?
1)all green plants 2)Photosynthesis 3) Multicellular 4)Have Chloroplasts 5)Store sugar as starch/sucrose
12 of 35
What characteristics do the Fungi kingdom have?
1)Multi-cellular or Unicellular 2)Have a chitin cell wall 3)Feed by Saprophytic nutrition via extracellular enzymes
13 of 35
What characteristics do the Protists kingdom have?
1)Mostly single celled 2) Known as Dustbin kingdom 3)where organisms are not exactly fungi/plant/animal
14 of 35
What characteristics do the Prokaryotes kingdom have?
1)very small in compariso to other kingdoms 2)have Peptidoglycan Cell Wall 3)No nucleus 4)Contain Plasmids 5)Have one circular chromosome
15 of 35
Which 4 out 5 kingdoms are eukaryotic organisms?
plant,animal,fungi and protists
16 of 35
Which kingdom contains all prokaryotic organisms?
prokaryotes
17 of 35
Eukaryotic organisms have no nucleus...true?
No-they all have a nucleus
18 of 35
what about prokaryotic oraganisms?
they have no nucleus-instead have one circular chromosome
19 of 35
Give some examples of fungi
Yeast,Moulds e.g.Mucor(bread mould),Mushrooms
20 of 35
Give some examples of protists
Amoeba, Chlorella and Plasmodium
21 of 35
Give some examples of Prokaryotes
bacteria, blue-green algae
22 of 35
Who invented the classification system?
Carl Linnaeus-in the 18th century
23 of 35
The kingdoms have sub-groups. what are they?
Phylum,Class,Order,Family,Genus and Species
24 of 35
Give an acronym to remember the order of classification system?
Keep Ponds Clean Or Frogs Get Sick
25 of 35
What is the Binomial System?
Each organism is named by its Genus then its Species
26 of 35
Give an example of this naming system in terms of humans
Humans are called Homo Sapiens- 'Homo' is the genus and 'Sapiens' is the species
27 of 35
Give an advantage of the Binomial System
1) Allows scientists to accurately identify individual species, across the world without needing to know the scientist’s home language
28 of 35
Why did Linnaeus include the 'Family' group?
The grouping of families was added to allow the large number of new species to be included in this system
29 of 35
Why was Linnaeus' original idea adapted?
Linnaeus couldn’t distinguish between some types of organisms like algae and fungi-made it difficult to classify these organisms as different species because the technology wasn’t developed enough
30 of 35
Why has the the improvement in technology been so significant for developing our classification systems?
We can learn more about organisms and how they are related to eachother. E.g.Microscope helped scientists to classify as they were able to examine the structure of organisms in more detail.
31 of 35
What is Molecular Phylogenetics?
Phylogenetics means looking at the evolutionary history of groups of organisms. 'Molecular' phylogenetics means this is done by looking at organisms' molecules,e.gDNA
32 of 35
How has Molecular Phylogenetics helped classification systems?
DNA sequencing is used in Molecular Phylogenetics see how closely related organisms are
33 of 35
what is DNA sequencing?
Technique that compares the sequence of DNA bases for different species. More simiilar the DNA sequence between species,more closely related they are.
34 of 35
Give an example of this in terms of Chimpanzees and Humans?
their DNA is 94% same
35 of 35

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How do you classify and group living organisms?

Back

By comparing the similarities and differences between them

Card 3

Front

What are the 2 types of classification systems?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the basis of artificial classification system?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Early classification systems used which of the two types of systems?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Biology resources:

See all Biology resources »See all B5 Classification resources »