B4 Quick Fire Cards

A complete set of question and answer flash cards for the revision of B4 - Processes of Life.  This card game is aimed at higher ability students and contains questions only found on the higher tier specification.  

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Define homeostasis.
The maintenance of a constant internal environment.
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Name three things your body controls automatically.
body temperature, water level, salt level, blood glucose, blood oxygen level,
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Name the seven life processes.
Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, Nutrition
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What is negative feedback?
Negative feedback works to maintain a steady state. When conditions rise above / fall beneath a set level, the response is to reverse the direction of change.
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Give an example of artifical homeostasis.
An incubator - keeps a premature baby alive by controlling it's temperarture and oxygen levels.
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Give examples of things that happen to your body when you become too hot.
sweating, skin goes red, vasodilation, panting, hairs lie flat, become thirsty
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Give examples of things that happen to your body when you become too cold.
shivering, hairs rise, skin goes white/pale, vasoconstriction,
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What is an enzyme?
An enzyme is a biological catalyst. They speed up chemical reactions in living organisms.
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What type of biological molecule is an enzyme.
They are proteins.
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What are proteins made up of?
Amino acids
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What area of the enzyme does the substrate bind to?
The active site.
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Explain the lock and key model.
1. An enzyme has an active site. 2. The reaction takes place in the active site. 3. Only the correct molecule fits into the active site. 4. The product leaves the active site. The enzyme can be used again.
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Name the disorder caused by being too cold.
Hypothermia
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Name a disorder caused by being too hot.
Fever or heatstroke
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What are the highest and lowest survivable body temperatures?
28 degrees - 42 degrees. Human body temperature should be 37 degrees Celsius.
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What is denaturation?
High temperatures that change the shape of enzyme active sites meaning the specific substrate can no longer fit. It does not destroy the enzyme.
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What is an enzyme's best working temperature called?
Optimum temperature
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Name the two factors that affect enzymes.
pH and temperature
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Why does food stay fresh in a fridge longer than on the bench?
The temperature is lower inside the fridge, so the enzymes used by the bacteria that break down food, work much slower. This means the food stays fresh for longer.
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What is photosynthesis?
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants take energy from the sun and through complex chemical reactions, convert the energy captured, into glucose and other molecules they need for growth.
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Where is chlorophyll found?
Chloroplasts
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What is the word equation for photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide + water -----------------> glucose + oxygen
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Name the three elements that make glucose.
Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
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What is glucose converted into for storage?
Starch
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Where is starch stored within a plant cell?
Starch grains
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How big is a chloroplast?
4 - 10 micrometres
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Give the three uses of glucose in plants.
Making other chemicals needed for cell growth. Storing energy in starch molecules. Releasing energy in respiration.
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Name the six parts of a plant cell.
nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, cell wall, chloroplast, vacuole.
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Define diffusion.
Diffusion is the net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration. It is a passive process.
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How do gases enter leaves?
Through stomata on the underside of leaves.
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What is the waterproof layer on top of a leaf called?
Waxy cuticle
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Define osmosis.
Osmosis is the net movement of water molecules from an area of high water concentration to an area of low water concentration, across a partially permeable membrane.
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What is a 'partially permeable' cell membrane?
It is a cell membrane that can allow small molecules through it, via channels. Larger molecules, such as glucose, cannot pass through.
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What would happen if plants did not convert their glucose to starch for storage?
They would take in too much water by osmosis and the cells would lyse (explode).
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Does starch dissolve in water?
No, starch molecules are insoluble.
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What do plants need nitrogen for?
To make amino acids that form proteins.
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Where do plants get their nitrogen from?
Nitrate ions in the soil.
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How are nitrate ions moved into root hair cells?
Active transport.
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Define active transport.
Active transport is the movment of molecules from an area of low concentration, to an area of high concentration, against the diffusion gradient, using energy. It is an active process.
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Name the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis.
Light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature
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What is a habitat?
A place where organisms live.
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What are the two main types of sampling method to study plants?
Quadrats and transects.
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What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?
glucose + oxygen -------------------------> carbon dioxide +water (+ energy)
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Name five things humans require energy for?
growth, maintaining body temperature, thinking, movement, digestion, repair, reproduction,
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Name the four components of an animal cell.
Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria
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What is anaerobic respiration?
Anaerobic respiration is used when muscles cannot get oxygen quickly enough. It can only be used for a short period of time.
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Give the word equation for anaerobic respiration.
glucose ---------------------------> lactic acid (+energy)
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Why does anaerobic respiration hurt our muscles?
Anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid, whic is toxic in large amounts. When it builds up in muscles, it makes them feel tired and sore.
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Give the word equation for fermentation.
glucose -------------------------> ethanol + carbon dioxide (+ energy)
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Give two useful products from yeast.
Bread, alcohol, bioethanol
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Why is bioethanol said to be a renewable source?
Bioethanol is made from the fermentation of crops such as sugar beet, maize and wheat. as these are plants that can be grown continuously, it is said to be renewable.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Name three things your body controls automatically.

Back

body temperature, water level, salt level, blood glucose, blood oxygen level,

Card 3

Front

Name the seven life processes.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is negative feedback?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Give an example of artifical homeostasis.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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