B4 - The Processes of Life (2)

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  • Created by: hollych
  • Created on: 26-11-16 17:14
What is the definition of respiration?
A series of chemical reactions that release energy by beaking down large food molecules.
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What cells does respiration take place in?
All living cells.
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What main chemical reactions does respiration fuel?
Movement, active transport, synthesis of large molecules
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What is active transport?
The movement of some substances in and out of cells which requires energy.
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What transport doesn't require energy?
Passive transport. It relies on diffusion.
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Give an example of synthesis of large molecules in plant cells, animal cells, and microorganisms?
Joining of glucose and nitrogen to make amino acids and the joining of amino acids to make proteins.
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What does aerobic mean?
With oxygen
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Which type of respiration releases more energy per glucose molecule?
Aerobic respiration
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What does anaerobic mean?
Without oxygen
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When does anarobic respiration take place in human cells?
When you do vigorous excercise and the body can't supply enough oxygen to the muscle cells for them to respire aerobically.
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When does it take place in plant cells?
When the soil becomes waterlogged, the root cells must respire anaerobically.
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When does it take place in bacterial cells?
Under the skin, only bacteria that can respire anaerobically can survive.
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What is the formula for anaerobic respiration in animal and some bacterial cells?
Glucose --> Lactic acid (+energy)
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What is the formula for respiration in plant cells and some microorgansims such as yeast?
Glucose --> Ethanol + Carbon Dioxide (+energy)
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What is fermentation?
The break down of sugars inot other products during the process of anaerobic respiration in microorganisms.
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How do humans use fermentation?
Biogas - a fuel - is produced by the fermenation of plant and animal waste. Bread is made when yeast ferment carbohydrates in flour releasing carbon dioxide causing bread to rise. Alcohol is produced when sugars are fermented by yeast.
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What is the definition of photosynthesis?
a series of chemical reactions that uses energy from sunlight to produce food.
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What is chlorophyll?
A substance which absorbs sunlight and lets this energy be used to convert water and CO2 into glucose.
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What is the balanced symbol equation of photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O --> C6H12O6 +6CO2
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Why are photosynthesising organisms start food chains?
They make energy from the sun - producers - which is transferred to other organisms when they consume a producer.
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How is glucose used in plants? (3 ways)
For respiration. To make chemicals for growth - converted into cellulose, to make amino acids, and to make chlorophyll. It is also turned into starch for storage for times when photosynthesis is less effective eg, winter.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What cells does respiration take place in?

Back

All living cells.

Card 3

Front

What main chemical reactions does respiration fuel?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is active transport?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What transport doesn't require energy?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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