Animal cells have a nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm and mitochondria. They do NOT have cell walls or chloroplasts which means they cannot carry out the process of photosynthesis.
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What is in a plant cell?
Plants contain the same parts as animal cells. However, they contain some additional ones such as chloroplasts (which means they CAN carry out photosynthesis), a cell wall made of cellulose and a permanent vacuole.
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What is the function of the mitochondria?
Mitochondria: contains enzymes for the reactions in AEROBIC respiriation. Energy is released.
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What is an enzyme?
An enzyme is a protein which catalyses or speeds up a chemical reactions in cells.
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What is the function of the chloroplast?
Chloroplasts: contains chlorophyll that absorbs sunlight and enzymes for the reactions in photosynthesis.
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What is DIFFUSION?
Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This is a passive process.
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What is OSMOSIS?
Osmosis is the movement of WATER particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. This is a passive process through a partially permeable membrane.
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What is the green pigment that absorbs light energy in a plant cell?
Chlorophyll
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What is the waste product of photosynthesis?
Oxygen
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What do plants need from the soil to add to glucose to make AMINO ACIDS?
Nitrates
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What is the optimum temperature for enzymes?
The optimum temperature: the temperature at which an enzyme produces the highest reactivity rate. For an enzyme this is 37 degrees (body temperature).
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What is DENATURATION?
Denaturation is the unfolding of the protein in a way that affects its ability to function. Enzymes can be denatured by high temperatures or altering of pH.
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What happens when an enzyme is DENATURED?
When an enzyme denatures, the shape of the active site of the enzyme is changed ( through heating the enzyme above a certain temperature) and means the molecule can no longer fit in the enzyme: stopping the reaction.
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What is the lock and key hypothesis?
Lock and key hypothesis explains how an enzyme can only catalyse one substrate. Both 'lock and key' must be the correct shape in order for the reaction to take place.
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What is AEROBIC RESPIRATION?
Aerobic respiration: releases energy inside living cells by breaking down glucose and combining the products with oxygen.
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What is the AEROBIC respiration equation?
Glucose + Oxygen ----> Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy released
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What is ANAEROBIC respiration?
Anaerobic respiration: releases energy inside the cytpoplasm of living cells by breaking down glucose molecules WITHOUT USING oxygen.
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What are the two ANAEROBIC respiration equations?
1. For animal cells: Glucose ----> Lactic acid + Energy released. 2. For plant cells/ microbial cells (yeast): Glucose ----> Carbon dioxide + Ethanol + Energy released
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How is ANAEROBIC respiration different to AEROBIC respiration?
Aerobic respiration needs oxygen for the reaction to happen, however anaerobic does not need oxygen. Aerobic respiration is much more efficent and releases more energy per glucose molecule (19 times more) than anaerobic respiration.
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Name a use of ANAEROBIC respiration
1. Anaerobic molecules can break down sewage and release methan gas from this. This gas is called BIOGAS. It is burned to heat water to turn a generator to produce electricity. Biogas can also be used as an alternative to petrol for vehicles.
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Name three stages of photosynthesis
1) Light energy absorbed by chlorophyll in green plants. 2) In chlorophyll molecule, light energy is used to rearrange carbon dioxide atoms and water to produce glucose. 3) Oxygen is produced as waste product.
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Name three LIMITING factors for photosynthesis
Temperature, carbon dioxide concentration and light intensity. If all these factors increase, so does the rate of photosythesis, meaning it limits the rate of photosynthesis.
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What is ACTIVE TRANSPORT?
Active transport: the movement of a substance against a concentration gradient (from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration). It requires energy from respiration to do this.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is in a plant cell?
Back
Plants contain the same parts as animal cells. However, they contain some additional ones such as chloroplasts (which means they CAN carry out photosynthesis), a cell wall made of cellulose and a permanent vacuole.
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