B3 topic 1

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  • Created by: Nasra
  • Created on: 07-05-13 19:54
What is the role of the urinary system?
To produce,store and remove urine
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What is kidney failure?
Is a condition where the kidneys are unable to filter wate products from the blood
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Kidney dialysis is a treatment for kidney failure,what is it?
Kidney dialysis-Where small amounts of the patients blood are removed and filtered and put back into the patient this is an ongoing treatment
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What is a kidney transplant?
Where a kidney is donated and the faulty kidney removed
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What are the three stages in the working of the kidney?
Filtration,selective reabsorbtion,excretion of waste
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What is filtration?
Where lots of water plus all the small molecules are squeezed out of the blood under pressure and into tubules.
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What is selective reabsobtion?
Where useful substances are reabsorbed into the blood from the tubules and the amount of water in the blood is adjusted to maintain a constant level(osmoregulation)
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What is osmoregulation?
The maintenance of constant osmotic pressure in the fluids of an organism by the control of water and salt concentrations.
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What is excretion of waste?
where excess water,ions and all the urea pass to the bladder in the form of urine and are eventuall released from the body
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What is the nephron?
The functional unit of the kidney,each kidney contains around a million of them
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What does each nephron drain into?
a collecting duct
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What hormone controls the amount of water reabsorbed by the kidneys during selective reabsorbtion?
ADH
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WhAT IS ADH produced by
The pituitary gland in the brain
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What is the role of ADH in the kidney an example of?
negative feedback
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What is negative feedback?
When a substance is produced that opposes a change to a system.If negative feedback continues then a system will eventually return to normal
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What is menstruation?
When a women becomes fertile and the lining of her uterus is replaced each month.
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What is oestrogen produced by?
The ovaries
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What does oestrogen do?
causes the lining of the uterus to thicken during the early part of the menstruation cycle,it repairs it after a period
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What is progesterone produced by?
The empty follicle in the ovar
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What does progesterone do?
Preserves and maintains the uterus wall during the middle part of the cycle
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After a mature egg has been released what does the follicle develop into?
corpus luteum
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What is the other name for sperm and egg cells
ova
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Sperm and egg cells are haploid cells,what does haploid mean
cells that have half the chromosomes of normal diploid body cells
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What does diploid mean
A cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes
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What is a zygote?
A diploid cell resulting from the fusion of two haploid gametes; a fertilized ovum.
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What does haploid mean?
Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes
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What does infertile mean?
Someone who is unable to have children
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What is donation of eggs?
Where someone donates a number of their eggs annonomausly the eggs are then fertilised in vitro
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What is in vitro fertilisation?
Where an egg is fertilised outside the femals body before returning the zygot to the mothers body
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using FSH?
Increases ferility by stimulating the maturation of eggs
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Why is FSH given to egg donors?
To trigger the maturation of their eggs in the run up to their operation
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How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?
23
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What is Haemophilia
A genetic inherited disorder caused by a ressesive gene found on the X chromosome
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What is colour blindness?
A genetic inherited disorder caused by a resessive gene on the X chromosome.
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Who was Edward Jenner
A english scientist who discovered the smallpox vaccine
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What is immunisation
The process in which a persons body becomes resistant to infection from a pathogen
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What is passive immunisation
Is provided from antibodies outside of the bodyEither in the form of an antibody injection or antibodies given to babies from their mothers breast milk
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What is active immunisation?
The result from normal infection by a pathogen or as a result of vaccination
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Why does our body fight pathogen quicker when we are infected the second time?
Because memory lymphocytes remember the pathogen and learn how to fight it off quicker
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What is a booster injection
A secon dose of the same vaccine to remind the memory lymphocytes of the antibodies they need to produce
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How are monoclonal antibodies used for pregnancy testing
They identify the hormone human chronic gonadotrophin which is relesed by the developing embryo and is present in the womans urine if she is pregnant
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What are the side effects of chemo therapy and radio therapy
Reducing effectiveness of the immune system,hair loss,tiredness,inabilyto form blood clots due to reduced numbers of platelets
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What can resazurin dye be used for?
can be used to see how much bacteria growth has occured in milk
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What colour will resazurin dye make the milk go?
blue to pink to white
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What does a quicker colour change indicate?
That more bacteria is present
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What other type of milk could you test with resazurin dye?
milk that has been boiled,milk that has been kept in a fridge,milk that has been left at room temperature
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What did pasteur discover?
pasteurisaton,aseptic technique
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What are circadian rhythms
24 hour body clock
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How can circadian rhthyms in humans be observed
sleeping patterns
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How can circadian rythms in plants be observed
The closing of flowers at night
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What effect does disruption in circadian rhythms have
Jetlag
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Card 2

Front

What is kidney failure?

Back

Is a condition where the kidneys are unable to filter wate products from the blood

Card 3

Front

Kidney dialysis is a treatment for kidney failure,what is it?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is a kidney transplant?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are the three stages in the working of the kidney?

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Preview of the front of card 5
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