A group of organisms that can breed together to produce fertile offspring.
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Different Species
Individuals of the same species have differences.
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How do they work?
Adapt to their environments e.g. fish are adapted to aquatic environments.
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Natural Selection
The "survival of the fittest".
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What is it?
The process that causes evolution.
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Selective Breeding
Where humans choose what is being selected.
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Evolution
The development of species.
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What can it produce?
New species.
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Evidence?
Fossils, DNA.
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Theories?
Lamarck and Darwin.
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Biodiversity
The variety of life on Earth.
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What does it include?
Number of different species, range of different types of organisms, the genetic variation between organisms of the same species.
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Why is maintaining it important?
The more plants; the more resources, many new medicines can be produced.
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Extinction of Species
The rate of it is increasing.
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Classification
Organising organisms into groups.
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How is it useful?
Shows us the evolutionary relationships between different organisms (evolutionary trees), those relationships can be shown fr all living and fossilised organisms.
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Interdependance
Organisms are dependant on a number of other organisms and their environment for survival.
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Essentials for life
Light, food and minerals, oxygen and carbon dioxide, water.
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Knock-on Effect
Competition, more predators, less/more food.
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What can cause extinction?
Environmental contitions change, a new species is produced, an organism in its food web that it is dependant on becomes extinct.
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Ecosystem
All the different organisms living together in a particular environment.
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Energy in an Ecosystem
Energy is lost at each stage of the food chain.
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Formula
efficiency= energy available to the next stage/energy that was available to the previous stage x 100
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Decomposers
Decompose proteins and urea and turn them into ammonia.
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Nitrifying Bacteria
Turn ammonia in decaying matter into nitrates (nitrification).
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Nitrogen-fixing Bacteria
Turn atmospheric nitrogen into nitrogen compounds that plants can use.
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Denitrifying Bacteria
Turn nitrates back into nitrogen gas. This is of no benefit to living organisms.
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Environmental Change
Environments are changing all the time and some of these changes can be measured (with living and non-living indicators).
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Non-living Indicators
Temperature, nitrate level, carbon dioxide level.
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Living Indicators
Lichen, Mayfly Nymphs, Phytoplankton.
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Sustainability
Meeting the needs of today's population whithout harming the environment so that the future society can still meet their needs.
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The sustainability of using packaging materials can be improved through..
Using renewable materials, using less energy, creating less polution.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Individuals of the same species have differences.
Back
Different Species
Card 3
Front
Adapt to their environments e.g. fish are adapted to aquatic environments.
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