B3 How humans can affect the environment

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  • Created by: KAustria
  • Created on: 07-05-14 20:08
What do humans pollute and how?
1. Waterways with sewage, fertiliser and toxic chemicals 2. Air with carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide form gas and smoke 3. Land with toxic chemicals such as pesticides and herbicides
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why must sewage be treated?
gut parasites and toxic chemicals are present in sewage which must be removed so that it won't get onto our land.
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How do people pollute land?
1. Sewage 2. Industrial and household waste 3. Farming methods 4. Herbicides and pesticides
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How is water polluted?
1. Fertilisers being washed into rivers and streams 2. Fertilisers can increase levels of nitrate in water 3. Toxic chemicals from landfill leak into waterways
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How is acid rain formed?
Sulfur dioxide from emissions dissolves in water in air forming acidic solutions
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What are the effects of acid rain?
1. Kill organisms (e.g. Trees) 2. Change soil pH which can damage roots and enzymes in plants.
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How are birds effected by acid rain?
Leaves of trees can get damaged by acid rain and the roots of trees can get damaged by the change of pH in the soil, which overall destroys the tree. This leads to the loss of habitat for birds/
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Name the 3 main impacts of defrestation?
1. Increase of CO2 levels due to the burning of wood or decay of the wood by microorganisms 2. Reduce photosynthesis 3. Reduce biodiversity
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Why had deforestation occurred?
1. Crops can be grown to produce ethanol-based fuels 2. There can be increases of cattle and rice fields for food.
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How does the destruction of peat bogs release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere?
1. Peat is removed from bogs as compost and microorganisms cause the decay of compost which releases CO2
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How is carbon dioxide sequestered by?
Carbon dioxide is released into the air by respiration and is removed from it by photosynthesis by plants. Carbon dioxide also dissolves in oceans, rivers and lakes and ponds.
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What greenhouse gases contribute to the grrenhouse effect?
Carbon Dioxide and methane
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An increase in the earth's temperature can do what harm on the plant?
1. Clime Change 2. Rise in Sea level due to ice caps and glaciers melting 3. Reduce of biodiversity 4. Changes migration patterns 5, Changes distribution of species.
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What are the 2 types of bio-fuels?
1. Ethanol based 2. Biogas
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What is the process used to produce ethanol-based fuels?
Fermentation
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Describe how ethanol-based fuels are produced
1. Glucose is produced from maize starch by the action of carbohydrase 2. Microorganisms (yeast) respire anaerobically to produce ethanol from sugar 3. Ethanol is extracted by distillation
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Why is ethanol described as 'carbon neutral'?
Because the only carbon dioxide returned to the atmosphere is from the crops used when photosynthesising.
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Give an example of a bio gas?
methane
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What is used in biogas generators to create biogas?
Plants and waste material containing carbohydrates.
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What happens in bio gas generator?
1. Waste material is fed inside 2. A range of bacteria reproduce and anaerobically ferment the carbohydrates 3.The decomposition of methane is then used a biofuel 3. The remaining solids can be used for fertiliser
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What are the conditions needed in a biogas generator?
1. Oxygen free 2. Suitable temperatures 3. Buried in the ground or have insulating jackets
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On a large scale where does the waste come from?
Sugar factories or sewage works
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What are the uses of gas produced by bio gas generators?
1. Energy for heating 2. Cooking 3. Refrigerator
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The shorter the food chain...
The less energy is wasted
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How are the two ways we can produce meat more effectively?
1. Preventing animals form moving so that the energy is not wasted on movement. 2. Keeping animals in warm sheds so it doesn't use as much energy from food to keep it warm.
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What is sustainable food production?
managing resources and finding new types of food such as mycoprotein. Which enures that there will be food for the future.
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How can fish stocks be controlled?
1. Fishermen can only remove a strict allocation of fish per year - quota 2. Must use a certain size net so that ittle fish aren't caught
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What is mycoprotein?
This is a protein-rich food suitable for vegetarians
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What is Fusarium and how is it obtained?
Fusarium is a fungus used to grown mycoprotein 2 Grown anaerobically on cheap sugar syrup made from waste starch and harvest mycoprotein.
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How are microorganisms grown on a large scale?
They are grown in industrial femrenters
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Give the 4 main features of an industrial fermenter?
1. An air supply providing oxygen 2. Stirrers or gas bubbles to keep microorganisms spread out and to even temp 3. A water-cooled jacket 4. Sensors to monitor pH and temperatre
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Give the 3 main human activities which can effect the global environment?
1. Deforestation 2. increase in agriculture 3. Storing water (dams)
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

why must sewage be treated?

Back

gut parasites and toxic chemicals are present in sewage which must be removed so that it won't get onto our land.

Card 3

Front

How do people pollute land?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

How is water polluted?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How is acid rain formed?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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