Why do sports drinks contain a high concentration of glucose?
So there is a stronger concentration gradient and glucose is absorbed more rapidly (as it is used up during exercise)
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How does active transport work?
* The substances being transported attaches to large protein molecules in the cell membrane. * Energy released through respiration is used to change the shape of the protein. * This releases the substance on the other side of the membrane.
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Where can active transport occur in the human body?
In the small intestine when epithelial cells absorb glucose
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Why do the alveoli have a moist surface?
To dissolve substances (such as oxygen) so they can diffuse in the cell easily
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Define Ventilation
The movement of air into and out of the lungs
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What happens to the following during respiration; a) ribcage b) diaphragm c) thorax
a) the ribcage moves up and out b) the diaphragm becomes flatter c) the vloume in the thorax increases which reduces its pressure
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True or False: During exhalation the thorax reduces in volume but increases in pressure
True
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True or False: Most photosynthesis takes place in the palisade cells
True
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The size of the stomata are controlled by gaurd cells, are they open or closed during the day and why?
They are open to let carbon dioxide in for respiration, the stomata closes when it is dark and carbon dioxide is not required
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Why do dry conditions increase the rate of transpiration?
Dry conditions increases the water vapour concentration gradient
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What is a double cirulatory system?
It is a system found in mammals where blood passes through the heart twice before going around the body
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True or False: Arteries have valves
False- veins has valves but not arteries
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Why are capillaries only one cell thick?
To allow fast diffusion of substaces into and out of the blood
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Name the substance blood plasma transports/carries
Carbon dioixide, soluable products from digestion, glucose, amino acids and urea from the liver to the kidney
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Red blood cells have adapted to increase their surface area and thereforthe rate of diffusion across their cell membrane, how would you describe their shape?
Bioconcave
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Other than engulfing, how do white blood cells protect the body against pathogens?
They can produce antibodies to help destroy pathogens
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What are platelets?
Small fragments of cells with no nucleus
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What does the phloem do?
It carries dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant
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People with faulty kidneys can can either get a transplant or .....
Use a dialysis machine a few times a week
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How does the body respond to low blood sugar?
Low blood sugar causes the pancreas to release glucagon, this breaks down glycogen in the liver into glucose which is released into the blood
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After ultra filtration happens what substances are re-absorbed?
All glucose and as much water and ions that are needed
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List 4 factors that increase the rate of transpiration
Lots of leaves, High number of stomata, Low light intensity, Windy conditions
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What is mycoprotein?
A high protein food produced from fungal biomass of the soil fungus 'fusarium'
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What do sports drinks typically contain?
Back
Water, Gloucose and Ions
Card 3
Front
Why do sports drinks contain a high concentration of glucose?
Back
Card 4
Front
How does active transport work?
Back
Card 5
Front
Where can active transport occur in the human body?
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