B3 - Organism level systems

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Name the two main parts of the central nervous system
brain and spinal cord
1 of 28
Explain how the endocrine system allows communication within the body
Endocrine galnds secrete hormones. These act as chemical messages and travel in the bloodstreamto target cells. These have receptors so they can respond to the hormone.
2 of 28
Explain the role of LH in the menstrual cycle.
LH stimulates the release of an egg/ovulation. It also indirectly stimulates progesterone production
3 of 28
Explain how hormones may be used to promote a natural pregnancy in an infertile woman
The hormones FSH and LH can be injected by women with naturally low FSH levels to stimulate ovulation
4 of 28
Give one reason why a woman may prefer to use a diaphragm rather than an oral contraceptive
Oral contraceptives can have unpleasant side effects and she may forget to tske it every day
5 of 28
Give two advantages of using an intrauterine device (IUD) as a contraceptive method rather than male condoms
IUDs are more effective and IUDs are longer acting.
6 of 28
Describe how the production of insulin differs between type 1 and type 2 diabetes
In type 1 diabetes, the person produces little or no insulin, whereas in type 2 diabetes, the person still produces insulin but they are resistant to it
7 of 28
Describe the role of sensory neurones
To send the electrical impulse to the central nervous system
8 of 28
Give an example of an effector.
muscle or gland
9 of 28
What is the purpose of a reflex action?
To stop you from injuring yourself
10 of 28
Describe the pathway of a reflex arc from stimilus to response.
Reflex arc to stimulant to sensory neurone to relay neurone to motor neurone to muscle/gland to reaction
11 of 28
What is the endocrine system?
The endocrine glands where hormones are produced make up the endocrine system
12 of 28
Give one role of thyroxine in the body.
Regulating metaboilic rate
13 of 28
Explain how negative feedback helps to control the level of thyroxine in the blood
When the level of thyroxine is high, the secretion of TSH from the pituitary gland is inhibited. This reduced the amount of thyroxine released from the thyroid gland so the level in the blood falls back towards normal.
14 of 28
Describe the affect that adrenaline has on the body
It causes the heart muscle to contract more frequently. This increases blood flow so the cells recieve more oxygen and glucose. This causes the liver to break down its glycogen stores to release glucose which increases the blood glucose level
15 of 28
Where is testosterone made?
Testes
16 of 28
What is is testosterone's role in reproduction?
It stimulates sperm production and is important for the development of the male reproductive system
17 of 28
Where is oestrogen made?
Ovaries
18 of 28
What is oestrogen's role in reproduction?
It's involved in the menstrual cycle and promotes female sexual characteristics
19 of 28
Where is progesterone made?
Ovaries
20 of 28
What is progesterone's role in reproduction?
It helps supports pregnancy and is involved in the menstrual cycle
21 of 28
Where is FSH made?
Pituitary gland in the brain
22 of 28
What is FSH's role in reproduction?
They help control the menstrual cycle
23 of 28
Explain how the combined pill prevents pregnancy when taken as a contraceptive
It prevents ovulation and stimulates the production of thick cervical mucus which makes it less likely for sperm to get through
24 of 28
Describe how one non-hormonal method of contraception works and list its pros and cons.
Diaphragm fits over the cervix to stop sperm from meeting the egg. Cons - can have side effects. Pros - it is a long lasting method
25 of 28
Why is it important to maintain steady conditions in the body?
So all metabolic reactions can continue at an appropriate rate
26 of 28
Describe the roles of insulin and glucagon in controlling a person's blood sugar level
If the blood glucose is too hgh, insulin is added. If the blood glucose level is too low, glucagon is added.
27 of 28
Explain how type 1 and type 2 diabetes can be treated
Type 1 diabetes can be treated by injecting insulin into the blood several times a day. Type 2 diabetes can be treated by eating a healthy diet, exercising regularly and losing weight.
28 of 28

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Explain how the endocrine system allows communication within the body

Back

Endocrine galnds secrete hormones. These act as chemical messages and travel in the bloodstreamto target cells. These have receptors so they can respond to the hormone.

Card 3

Front

Explain the role of LH in the menstrual cycle.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Explain how hormones may be used to promote a natural pregnancy in an infertile woman

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Give one reason why a woman may prefer to use a diaphragm rather than an oral contraceptive

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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