B3 - Organism level systems definitions

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Stimulus
A change in the environment
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Receptors
Sensory cell that detects a stimulus
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Effectors
Muscles and glands which respond to impulses from the nervous system
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Glands
Secrete hormones into the blood stream
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Central Nervous System
Brain and spinal cord - where nervous information is processed
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Sensory neurones
Transmits impulse from receptor cells
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Relay neurones
Neurones that carry electrical impulses from sensory neurones to motor neurones
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Motor neurones
Transmits impulse from CNS to effector
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Reflex action
Rapid automatic nervous response that does not involve the brain
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Reflex arc
Pathway followed by a nervous impulse during a reflex action
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Hormone
Chemical secreted by glands in the body
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Endocrine glands
Gland which produces and secretes a hormone
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Endocrine system
All the endocrine glands and the hormones they produce
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Diabetes
Medical condition which affects a person's control of blood sugar levels
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Target organs
Organ a hormone has an effect on
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Homeostasis
Maintenance of a constant internal environment
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Adrenaline
Hormone released during stress. It causes changes which make the body ready for action
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Negative feedback
A system that detects a change in a condition. The system then acts to return conditions to the desired level
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Ovulation
Release of a mature egg from an ovary
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Oestrogen
Female hormone that causes the lining of the uterus to build up
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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Female hormone that causes an egg to mature and stimulates the ovaries to produce oestrogen
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Glucagon
Hormone which stimulates the liver to turn glycogen into glucose, increasing blood sugar levels
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Luteinising hormone (LH)
Female hormone that triggers ovulation
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Progesterone
Female hormone that maintains the uterus lining during pregnancy
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Contraception
Technique used to prevent pregnancy
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Fertility treatment
Technique used to increase a woman's chance of getting pregnancy
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Insulin
Hormone which stimulates the liver to turn glucose into glycogen, decreasing blood sugar levels
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Receptors

Back

Sensory cell that detects a stimulus

Card 3

Front

Effectors

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Glands

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Central Nervous System

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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