B3-Infection and Response

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  • Created by: Wynnie24
  • Created on: 27-03-19 18:05
What are pathogens?
Microorganisms that cause infectious diseases
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What do viral diseases do?
They reproduce rapidly inside cells causing damage
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What do bacterial diseases do?
They may reproduce rapidly and damage cells
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Name 3 Viral diseases
-Measles (human) -HIV (human) -Tobacco Mosaic virus (plant)
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Name 2 bacterial diseases
-Salmonella -Gonorrhoea
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Name a Fungal disease
-Rose Black Spot
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Name a Protist disease
-Malaria
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What similarity do both bacteria and virus pathogens have?
They infect other cells and reproduce in in the body
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What do bacteria pathogens produce?
Toxins which damage muscle tissue
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What do virus pathogens do?
They live and reproduce inside cells causing cell damage
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What do pathogens need from the host organism?
Good supply of nutrients
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What is the cause, symptom, method of transmission, of Measles and how can you control the spread of the disease?
It is caused by virus pathogens. Symptoms include fever and red skin rash. It transferred by droplet infection. It can controlled by child vaccination
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What is the cause, symptom, method of transmission, of Salmonella and how can you control the spread of the disease?
It is caused bacteria pathogens. Symptoms include fever, cramp, vomiting and diarrhoea. It is transferred by food prepared in unhygienic conditions or not food cooked properly. It can be controlled by vaccinating chickens and improving food hygiene.
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What is the cause, symptom, method of transmission, of Rose Black Spot and how can you control the spread of the disease?
It is caused fungal pathogens. Symptoms include purple black spots on leaves. It is transferred by spores which are carried via wind/water. It can be controlled by removing infected leaves and spraying with pesticides.
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What is the cause, symptom, method of transmission, of Gonorrhoea and how can you control the spread of the disease?
It is caused by bacterial pathogens. Symptoms include green discharge. It is transferred by direct sexual contact or body fluid exchange. It can controlled by using a condom and treating infected person with antibiotics.
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What is the cause, symptom, method of transmission, of Malaria and how can you control the spread of the disease?
It is caused by protist pathogens. Symptoms include a recurrent fever. It is transmitted by a vector from an infected person. It can be controlled by preventing the breeding of mosquitoes or using a net to prevent being bitten.
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What is the cause, symptom, method of transmission, of Tobacco Mosaic Virus and how can you control the spread of the disease?
It is caused by virus pathogens. Symptoms include mosaic pattern on leaves. It is transmitted by a wound in the epidermis caused by pests. It can be controlled by removing the infected the infected leaves and controlling pests.
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Name the 4 parts of the human defence system that humans have to stop pathogens from entering the body?
Nose, trachea and bronchus, stomach and the skin
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What adaptions does the nose have to stop pathogens from entering the body?
Hairs, sticky mucus and cilia to prevent pathogens entering through the nostrils.
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What adaptions do the trachea and bronchus have to stop pathogens from entering the body?
Respiratory system is lined with mucus to trap dust and pathogens. Cilia move the mucus upwards to be swallowed.
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What adaptions does the stomach have to stop pathogens from entering the body?
Stomach acid of pH1, which kills most invested pathogens.
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What adaptions does the skin have to stop pathogens from entering the body?
Pathogens can't penetrate through, has a water proof barrier and is oily and waxy so pathogens cannot stick
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What does the immune system contain?
White blood cells that kill pathogens
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What are antigens?
Antigens are proteins on the surface of microbes
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What do antibodies do?
Produce a defence mechanism
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Describe the process of phagocytosis
Phagocytes engulf pathogens. Then they digest the pathogens. White blood cells then release antitoxins which neutralise the toxins that pathogens have released. Lymphocytes then identify the antigen on the pathogen and kill it.
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What do vaccines contain?
Small amounts of dead or inactive forms of the pathogen that can be introduced into the body.
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Antibiotics cannot be used to treat viral pathogens.
Different bacterial infections need a different antibiotic.
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Digitalis is a drug used for heart conditions. It originates from foxgloves.
Aspirin is a drug used as a painkiller. It originates from willow tree bark.
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Penicillin is an antibiotic drug. It originates from mould.
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What does efficiency mean?
That the drug works
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What does toxicity mean?
That the drug is not poisonous
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What does optimum dose mean?
That the most suitable amount to be taken
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What is a placebo?
An old formulation of the new drug
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Why is a placebo used in drug testing?
Researchers can better evaluate the true overall effect of the experimental drug treatment under study.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

They reproduce rapidly inside cells causing damage

Back

What do viral diseases do?

Card 3

Front

They may reproduce rapidly and damage cells

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

-Measles (human) -HIV (human) -Tobacco Mosaic virus (plant)

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

-Salmonella -Gonorrhoea

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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