B3 - growing microorganisms/ vaccines

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  • Created by: ldupre03
  • Created on: 29-04-17 09:35
what did louis pasteur do?
carried out experiments showing that once microorganisms are destroyed, they don't suddenly reappear.
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what can microorganisms be transferred from?
only from something that already contains them, such as the air
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how do you kill a microorganism that is already in a broth?
boil it for an hour
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what is a broth?
a liquid containing nutrients
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what did pasteur's work lead to?
the development of antiseptic techniques to destroy microorganisms
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what are the antiseptic techniques used to do?
prevent spoilage of food and in surgery (operations) to prevent infection in wounds
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in the right conditions, how quickly does bacteria grow?
it can double every 20minuets
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how would you draw a graph showing exponential growth?
there were be 'time' on the x-axis and 'population size' on the y-axis. there would be a curve which increases both.
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why does an exponential graph show the shape it does?
because bacteria doubles over the same period of time anywhere on the curve
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does the rate of population continue to grow in the same way as shown on an exponential graph forever?
no, something such as nutrients supply will start to limit it
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what did Edward Jenner do? (long answer)
gave a boy a pathogen that causes a mild disease called cowpox. the boy developed it & recovered. Jenner then gave him a pathogen that causes a dangerous disease called smallpox. the boy didn't develop it because the cowpox had made him immune
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what did Edward Jenner do? (short answer)
he developed a vaccine against smallpox
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what does immunisation do?
protects you from infection
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what is an antigen?
surface protein that identify a cell
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what are antibodies?
chemicals made by lymphocytes
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what is step one of immunisation?
a vaccine containing a dead or weakened pathogen is injected into the body. It has antigens on its surface
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what is step two of immunisation?
a types of white blood cell, a lymphocyte, with an antibody that perfectly fit in the antigen is activated
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what is step three of immunisation?
this lymphocyte divides over and over again to produce clones of identical lymphocytes
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what is step 4 (the last step) of immunisation?
some of the lymphocytes secrete large amounts of antibodies which stick to antigens a & destroy the pathogen. other remain in blood as memory lymphocytes. - ready to respond if the same antigen turns up again
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name a risk of immunisation
-some people get a mild reaction of swelling or soreness, or a mild form of the disease. - rarely, a person could have a major harmful reaction.
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name an advantage of immunisation
- immunity is produced without being ill. -lasts a long time, often 4 life. - if most people are immune, then unvaccinated people are also less likely to catch it
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what can microorganisms be transferred from?

Back

only from something that already contains them, such as the air

Card 3

Front

how do you kill a microorganism that is already in a broth?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is a broth?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what did pasteur's work lead to?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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