B3

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What is a species?
A group of organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring
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Give an example of a well adapted organism and how?
A cactus- long roots, spikes, thick stem, waxy layer
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Are all individuals in a species the same?
No, similarities but not identical due to genetic variation
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What can cause genetic variation?
Mutations (maybe due to radiation, chemicals or mistakes when cells are copied)
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If a mutation occurs in a body cell will it be passed on to an offspring?
No, must have been in a sex cell to be passed on
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Briefly what is natural selection?
Animals with a survival advantage reproduce, other die out, means species becomes better adapted
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What is selective breeding?
Humans breeding organisms with desired characteristic (not for survival)
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Approximately when did life on Earth begin?
3500 years ago or 3.5 billion years ago
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What causes two new species to evolve from the same orginal?
Random mutations, natural selection, environmental changes (species in different areas, one has to adapt)
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What is the evidence for evolution?
Fossils (shows an increase in organism complexity) and DNA (all have some similarities, mutations)
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What three factors determine biodiversity?
Range in species, number of species, genetic variation
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Why is biodiversity important?
Medicine, resources (wood), food, research
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What is happening to the rate of extinction and why?
Its increasing quickly- human activity (more resources to sustain population, hunting)
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How do scientists group organisms?
Depending on physical and genetic features
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What factors do all living things rely on?
Light, oxygen, food, water, co2 (plants)
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What is interdependence?
Organisms depending on each other (usually for food), food web changes can have far reaching effects)
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What factors can cause extinction?
Extinction of prey, introduction of new species (diseased, predator, competitor) change in environment (cant adapt)
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Where does all energy source from?
The Sun
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What happens to energy as it goes down the food chain?
It decreases
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Why does energy decrease at each stage?
Energy is lost as heat, waste products or uneaten parts
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How do you work out energy efficiency?
The energy available to next stage/ The energy available to previous stage x 100
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What does the carbon cycle show?
The recycling of carbon
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Give three ways CO2 is returned to the atmosphere?
Respiration, decomposition, volcanic activity, combustion
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Give three ways CO2 is take from the atmosphere?
Photosynthesis, dissolves into oceans
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How are fossil fuels made?
Carbon compounds from dead organisms compress under heat and pressure
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What role do microorganisms play?
They break down dead matter, they release CO2 through respiring when doing this
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How is nitrogen taken from the atmosphere (nitrogen cycle)
Lightening (nitrogen reacts with oxygen=nitrates, nitrogen-fixing bacteria (N2 into nitrogen compounds)
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What do plants use nitrogen for?
Making proteins for growth
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How is nitrogen returned to the atmosphere?
Denitrfying bacteria (nitrates into N2)
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What do decomposers do?
Turn urea and proteins (dead matter) into ammonia)
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What do nitrfying bacteria do?
Turn ammonia into nitrates in soil (nitrification)
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What three factors can measure environmental change?
Temperature, CO2 levels, nitrate levels
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How do lichen show environmental change?
They grow in clean air, so if there's pollution (sulfur dioxide) they'll die out
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How do mayfly nymphs show environmental change?
High sewage= many bacteria, use oxygen, mayfly nymphs die out (clean water=many nymphs)
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How do phytoplankton (algae) show environmental change?
High nitrate and phosphate level= algal bloom, water pollution (fertilizers)= many phytoplankton
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What is sustainability?
Meeting the needs of today's population without damaging the environment so other generations can still meet their needs.
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Give an example of an unsustainable practice...
Mono-culture crops (one crop= no biodiversity, other species die)
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Name 3 ways to make packaging more sustainable...
Renewable materials, less energy (production, transporting), biodegradable
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Give an example of a well adapted organism and how?

Back

A cactus- long roots, spikes, thick stem, waxy layer

Card 3

Front

Are all individuals in a species the same?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What can cause genetic variation?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

If a mutation occurs in a body cell will it be passed on to an offspring?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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