B3 4.5 / 5 based on 9 ratings ? BiologyB3GCSEOCR Created by: pxrklifeCreated on: 02-03-16 18:24 Why do liver and muscle cells need a lot of mitochondria? They need a lot of energy 1 of 33 Give two ways that bacterial cells are different to plant and animal cells They don't have a true nucleus, chloroplasts or mitochondria 2 of 33 What are the four bases in DNA? A, T, G, C 3 of 33 What evidence di Watson and Crick use to build their model of DNA? X-Ray data showing that DNA is a double helix. Other data showing that the bases occured in pairs 4 of 33 Name the molecule used to carry the code from the DNA to the ribosomes mRNA 5 of 33 What are the four functions of proteins? Enzymes, Structural proteins, Carrier molecules and Hormones 6 of 33 What are enzymes? Biological catalysts 7 of 33 An enzymes with an optimum temperature of 20 degrees is heated at 50 degrees. What will happen to the enzyme? It will denature 8 of 33 What does the Q10 value mean? How much the rate changes when the temperature is increased by 10 degrees. 9 of 33 Why are mutations harmful? It stops the production of a protein. It may cause cancer. 10 of 33 What are two things which increase the chance of mutations? Carcinogens and Ionising radiation 11 of 33 What are three advantages of being multicelluar? Bigger, cell differentiation, more complex (specialised organs) 12 of 33 How many cells are produced after a mitotic division? Are they genetically identical? 2. Yes 13 of 33 How many cells are produced after a meiotic division? Are they genetically identical? 4. No 14 of 33 What are three ways sperm cells are adapted to their function? Small and have long tails. Lots of mitichondria. Acrosome in their head 15 of 33 When do the two main phases of rapid growth happen? Infancy and Adolescence 16 of 33 What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration? C6H12O6 + 6O2 ---> 6H2O + 6CO2 17 of 33 What is the formula for calculating the respiratory quotient? Carbon Dioxide produced/ Oxygen used 18 of 33 What are seven things blood plasma transports around the body? Red and white blood cells, platelets, water, digested food products, carbon dioxide, urea, hormones and antibodies 19 of 33 What substance is formed in red blood cells when haemoglobin reacts with oxygen? Oxyhaemoglobin 20 of 33 Why do arteries need muscular, elastic walls? Arteries are under very high pressure 21 of 33 How are capillaries adapted to their functions? They are really thin which means they can exchange substances to every cell. They have permable walls so substances can diffuse in and out. 22 of 33 What blood vessel joins to the right ventricle ? Where does it take the blood? Pulmonary artery. To the lungs. 23 of 33 Why is the left side of the heart thicker than the right? It is under more pressure because it has to pump blood all around the body. 24 of 33 What is Selective Breeding? You take the best plants or animals and breed them together to get the best possible offspring. 25 of 33 What are two disadvantages of selective breeding? Reduces the gene pool. Inbreeding can cause health problems. 26 of 33 What is the main advantage of genetic engineering? Can produce organisms with new and useful features very quickly. 27 of 33 What is the main risk with genetic engineering? The inserted gene may have unexpected harmful effects 28 of 33 What are three examples of genetic engineering? Vitamin A deficiency- beta carotene production. Human insulin production. Resistance to herbicides, frost damage and disease. 29 of 33 What are the two types of gene therapy? Changing the genes in body cells. Changimg the genes in the gametes. 30 of 33 Why is gene therapy controversial? It may have unexpected consequences. Lead to the creation of designer babies. 31 of 33 Two benefits of cloning Mass produce animals with desirable characteristics. Animal organs can be cloned and used for human transplantation 32 of 33 Two risks of cloning Cloned animals may not be as healthy. Consequences were not aware of 33 of 33
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