B2d: Interdependence

This item seeks to help candidates understand that there is a struggle for existence and the survival of animals and plants depends on how they cope with competition and predation. There are also other types of interdependence to include parasitism and organisms co-existing to their mutual benefit. 

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Two types of interdependence between organisms.
Mutualism and parasitism
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What is mutualism?
where both species benefit including cleaner species and pollination by insects.
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What is parasitism? Give two examples
where the parasite benefits to the living host’s detriment, including fleas and tapeworms
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What does the interdependence of organisms determine?
Some organisms depend on other species to survive. So where an organism lives and its abundance (population size) is often influenced by the distribution and abundance of these species.
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How are lichens a form of mutualism?
They are formed by algae and fungi living together. Algae can photosynthesise and make food, which is shared by the fungus. The fungus in turn shelters the algae from a harsh climate.
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Where does interspecific competition happen?
between individuals of different species
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Where does intraspecific competition happen?
between individuals of the same species.
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Which competition is more significant?
Intraspecific.
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What four things might animals compete for?
A mate, food, water and space.
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What three things might plants compete for?
light, water and minerals.
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Do plants have to compete for food?
No, they make their own food using photosynthesis.
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What is a species' ecological niche?
How it fits to its ecosystem. It depends on things like where the individuals live and what they feed on.
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What is a niche?
A niche is a particular place or role occupied by an organism within an ecological community.
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Complete the sentence: Similar species will occupy _______ niches
Simliar
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What are predators?
Predators are animals that eat other animals.
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what are prey?
Prey are the animals that get eaten.
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What happens if prey population grows?
predator numbers will respond to the increased food supply by increasing as well. But the growing predator population will eventually reduce the food supply to the point where it can no longer be sustained.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is mutualism?

Back

where both species benefit including cleaner species and pollination by insects.

Card 3

Front

What is parasitism? Give two examples

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What does the interdependence of organisms determine?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

How are lichens a form of mutualism?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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