B2 - Unit 2

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What is a cytoplasm?
Where chemical reactions take place.
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What is a cell membrane?
Controls movement of materials in and out of the cell.
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What is mitochondria?
Where energy is released during aerobic respiration.
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What are ribosomes?
Where protein synthesis takes place.
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What are chloroplasts?
Absorb light energy to make food.
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What is diffusion?
The spreading out of particles from HIGH to LOW.
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What does muscle tissue do?
Contracts to bring about movement.
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What is glandular tissue?
Produces substances such as enzymes or hormones.
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What does epithelial tissue do?
Covers some parts of the body.
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What does xylem and phloem do?
Transports substances around the plant.
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What happens in the glands, e.g. the salivary glands?
Digestive juices are produced.
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What does the liver produce?
Bile.
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What happens in the small intestine?
Soluble food is absorbed.
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What happens in the large intestine?
Water is absorbed from undigested food.
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Equation for photosynthesis?
Carbon dioxide + Water ---> Glucose + Oxygen
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Describe the process of photosynthesis.
1. CO2 taken in by the leaves, water by the roots. 2. Chlorophyll traps light energy. 3. Energy used to convert CO2 and water into glucose.
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How can you test if photosynthesis has occurred?
Testing the leaves with iodine solution.
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What are the limiting factors?
CO2, light and temperature.
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How do plants use glucose?
Stored as insoluble starch, fats and oils, respiration, strengthen cell walls and to produce protein.
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How can quantitative data be obtained?
Random sampling or along a transect.
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What does amylase do?
Catalyses the digestion of starch into sugars.
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Where is amylase produced?
Salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine.
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What does protease do?
Catalyses the breakdown of proteins into amino acids.
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Where is protease produced?
Stomach, pancreas and small intestine.
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What does lipase do?
Catalyses the breakdowns of lipids to fatty acids and glycerol.
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Where is lipase produced?
Pancreas and small intestine.
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What does bile do?
Neutralises the stomach acid.
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What conditions to protease best work at?
Acidic.
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What conditions do amylase and lipase best work at?
Alkaline.
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What are industrial uses of enzymes?
1. Biological detergents - protease and lipases (best at low temperatures). 2. Baby food - proteases (to pre-digest protein) 3. Fructose syrup - Isomerase converts glucose syrup (less fattening)
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Advantages of using enzymes?
Effective, save energy, reduce cost and used in medicine.
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Disadvantages of using enzymes?
Pollute, costly to produce and denature at high temperatures.
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What is aerobic respiration?
The release of energy from food when oxygen is avaliable.
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What is the equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen ---> Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy
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What is anaerobic respiration?
For when your muscles cannot get enough oxygen for aerobic respiration.
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What is mitosis?
Cell division that produces identical new cells.
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What is meiosis?
Before division, a copy of each chromosome is made. The cell divides 2x to form 4 gamete (sex cells). Each gamete has a single set of chromosomes that have a different combination of genes.
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What are stem cells?
Cells that can be changed.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a cell membrane?

Back

Controls movement of materials in and out of the cell.

Card 3

Front

What is mitochondria?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are ribosomes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are chloroplasts?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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