Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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What two ways can organisms be classified?
An artifical system, a natural system.
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What is an artifical system?
An artifical system is based on one or two characteristics that make the identification easier.
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What is a natural system?
A natural system is based on evolutionary rekationships and is much more details.
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Species?
A group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring.
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How does the binomial naming system work?
First there are two parts to the name, the first is the genus and the secound the species. The genus part starts with a capital, the species starts with a lower case.
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What are the problems with classifing organisms?
Living things are all at different stages of evolving this makes it difficult to place the organisms into distinct groups.
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What do pyramids of numbers and pyramids of biomass present?
They are used to represent the feeding relationship between organisms in a food web or chain.
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What do pyramids of biomass show?
They show the dry mass of living material in each stage of a food chain.
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What may change the results of pyramid of numbers?
1 if the producers are very large. 2 if a small parasite is living on a large animal.
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Although pyramids are a better way of showing the trohpic levels, what makes them difficult to construct?
Some organisms feed on organisms from different trophic levels. Measuring the dry mass is difficult it invovles removing all the water from and organism which means killing it.
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What is the energy in a food chain used for?
Growth, heat from repiration, egestion, excretion.
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What is the calculation for energy transfer?
energy used for growth / energy input
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What is one of the number one elements found in living organisms?
Carbon.
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How is carbon dioxide removed by plants from the air?
It is removed by photosynethesis.
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How is carbon dioxide realised into the air?
it is realised by plants and animals respiring, soil bacteria and fungi acting as a decompser and the burning of fossil fuels.
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What is the nitrogen cycle?
the series of processes by which nitrogen and its compounds are interconverted in the environment and in living organisms, including nitrogen fixation and decomposition.
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What are the conditions that decay will be slower in?
Waterlogged soil as there is less oxygen, acidic conditions will also slow down decay.
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What are the microorganisms responsible for the recyling of nitrogen?
Soild bacteria&fungi > proteins&urea to ammonia. Nitrifying bacters > convert ammonia to nitrates. Denitrifying bacteria > convert nitrates to nitrogen gas. Nitrogen-fixing > to fix nitrogen gas.
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What is an ecological niche?
An ecological niche describes the habitat an organism lives in, also it role in the habitat.
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Whats the difference between interspecific and intraspecific?
Interspecific is between organism and different species. Intraspecific is between organisms of the same species.
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Why do both predator and prey show cyclical changes?
When there is lots of prey more predators survive, if they do the preys number decrease, if this happens the predators numbers decrease because they are starving then the whole cycle starts again.
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