Biology Module 2

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What are the seven groups that organisms are classified into, in order?
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
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What is the artificial classification system based on?
one or two characteristics
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What is the natural classification system based on?
evolutionary relationships
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What is a species?
a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
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What comes first in the binomial system?
Genus
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What type of letter represents the Genus in the binomial system?
a capital letter
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What type of letter represents the Species in the binomial system?
a lower-case letter
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Why can bacteria not be classified into a species using the "fertile offspring" idea?
because they reproduce asexually
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What are hybrids?
organisms produced when animals from two different species interbreed
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Why are hybrids not classified as a species?
because they are infertile
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What do pyramids of biomass show?
the dry mass of living material at each stage of a food chain
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As energy flows along a food chain, which ways is it lost/transferred at each trophic level?
through growth, heat from respiration, excretion and egestion
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What is carbon dioxide removed from the air by?
by photosynthesis in plants
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What is carbon dioxide released into the air by?
plants and animals respiring, soil bacteria and fungi acting as decomposers and the burning of fossil fuels (combustion)
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Carbon dioxide is also absorbed from the air by oceans. How does this work?
marine organisms make shells made of carbonate, which become limestone rocks
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How can the carbon in limestone return to the air as carbon dioxide?
volcanoes and weathering
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What do plants take in nitrogen as nitrates from the soil for?
to make protein for growth
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What do decomposers and soil bacteria do in the recycling of nitrogen?
convert proteins and urea into ammonia
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What does nitrifying bacteria do in the recycling of nitrogen?
convert ammonia into nitrates
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What does denitrifying bacteria do in the recycling of nitrogen?
convert nitrates into nitrogen gas
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What do nitrogen-fixing bacteria do in the recycling of nitrogen?
fix nitrogen gas
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What does an ecological niche describe?
the habitat that an organism lives in and its role in he habitat
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What is interspecific competition?
competition between organisms of different species
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What is intraspecific competition?
competition between organisms of the same species
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What is it called when both organisms benefit as a result of their relationship?
mutualism
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Explain the counter-current heat exchange mechanism in penguins flippers?
the warm blood entering the flippers warms up the cold blood leaving to stop it cooling the body
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Give an example of a biochemical adaptation that an organism living in cold conditions may have?
antifreeze proteins in their cells
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How are camels anatomically adapted to living in very hot, dry conditions?
they have little hair on the underside of their bodies and they have concentrated urine so they can survive with very little water
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Give an example of a behavioral adaptation that an organism living in hot, dry conditions might have?
they might pant, lick their fur or seek shade in the hottest parts of the day
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What are organisms that can survive in hot conditions called?
extremophiles
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Why can some bacteria live in hot springs?
they have enzymes that do not denature at temperatures as high as 100 degrees
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What is a specialist organism?
an organism that is well adapted to living in specific habitats
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What is a generalist organism?
an organism that can live in several habitats
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Why was Darwin's theory not accepted at first?
because many people believed that God made all species and people believed he didn't have enough evidence to prove his theory
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Why is Darwin's theory now accepted?
it explains a lot of observations and it has been discussed and tested by a wide range of scientists
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What are the three types of pollution that have caused the most concern?
carbon dioxide increased by the burning of fossil fuels, CFC's from aerosols and sulfur dioxide which causes acid rain
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The human population is growing at an ever-increasing rate. What is this called?
exponential growth
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Why is the population ever-increasing?
the birth rate is exceeding the death rate
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What can pollution in water or air be measured using?
direct methods or indicator organisms
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What are the advantages of using indicator organisms to measure pollution?
it is cheaper, does not need equipment that could go wrong and monitors pollution levels over long periods of time
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What is the advantage of using direct methods to measure pollution?
it gives more accurate results at any specific time
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Give reasons why conservation is important?
it protects our food supply, prevents damage to food chains and protects plants and animals that might be useful for medical uses
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What are some important factors to bear in mind when trying to conserve a species?
the size of the population, the number of suitable habitats available for the species to live in and how much competition there is from other species
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What can Whale skin be used to make?
belts, shoes, handbags
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Which part of a Whale can be used to make oil?
the liver
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What can the teeth of a Whale be used to make?
buttons, piano keys, jewellery
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Why do some scientists believe there is a need to kill Whales?
to help find out more about how Whales can survive at extreme depths
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What does sustainable development mean?
taking enough resources from the environment for current needs but leaving enough for the future and preventing permanent damage
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the artificial classification system based on?

Back

one or two characteristics

Card 3

Front

What is the natural classification system based on?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is a species?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What comes first in the binomial system?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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